Non si dispone di una partizione EFI sull'unità esterna. Ciò vieterebbe l'avvio di Windows su un altro Mac. Mi aspetto che quando hai installato Windows, i file di avvio siano stati inseriti nella partizione EFI dell'unità interna.
Una possibile soluzione sarebbe ricominciare da capo. Questa volta assicurarsi che l'unità esterna sia correttamente partizionata. Le regole per il partizionamento sono riportate nel documento Microsoft Partizioni del disco rigido basate su UEFI / GPT . Se stai usando Windows 10 di ottobre 2018 (1809), consiglierei una dimensione WRE di 800 MB.
Un'altra possibile soluzione sarebbe quella di ridurre la partizione di Windows e aggiungere una partizione EFI all'unità esterna. È consigliabile eseguire questa operazione durante l'avvio nell'ambiente di ripristino di Windows. (Tenere premuto il tasto Maiusc al riavvio di Windows). Dopo aver aggiunto una partizione EFI, immettere i comandi per creare i file di avvio in questa partizione. Il comando che crea effettivamente i file di avvio si chiama bcdboot .
Di seguito è un'installazione di Windows simile alla tua. Questo è stato installato in VirtualBox. Le dimensioni delle unità e delle partizioni sono diverse, ma i comandi che dovresti inserire dovrebbero essere vicini a quanto mostrato.
I comandi mostrati di seguito sono stati immessi in una finestra del prompt dei comandi dopo l'avvio nell'ambiente di ripristino di Windows. Questi comandi creano una partizione EFI avviabile alla fine del disco di Windows. Inoltre, i file di avvio di Windows vengono rimossi dalla partizione EFI originale.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
X:\windows\system32>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.17763.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: MININT-9R6AU7J
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 155 GB 0 B *
Disk 1 Online 325 GB 0 B *
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Reserved 16 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 154 GB 17 MB
Partition 3 Recovery 800 MB 154 GB
DISKPART> select partition 2
Partition 2 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> shrink minimum=1000
DiskPart successfully shrunk the volume by: 1000 MB
DISKPART> create partition primary size=800
DiskPart succeeded in creating the specified partition.
DISKPART> format fs=ntfs label=temp quick
100 percent completed
DiskPart successfully formatted the volume.
DISKPART> assign letter=t
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> select partition 3
Partition 3 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> assign letter=r
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
X:\windows\system32>xcopy r:\* t: /e /h
R:\Recovery.txt
R:\Recovery\Logs\BootUX (1).sqml
R:\Recovery\Logs\BootUX (2).sqml
R:\Recovery\Logs\BootUX (3).sqml
R:\Recovery\Logs\Reload.xml
R:\Recovery\WindowsRE\boot.sdi
R:\Recovery\WindowsRE\ReAgent.xml
R:\Recovery\WindowsRE\Winre.wim
R:\System Volume Information\tracking.log
9 File(s) copied
X:\windows\system32>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.17763.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: MININT-9R6AU7J
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Reserved 16 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 153 GB 17 MB
Partition 4 Primary 800 MB 153 GB
Partition 3 Recovery 800 MB 154 GB
DISKPART> select partition 3
Partition 3 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> remove letter=r
DiskPart successfully removed the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> delete partition override
DiskPart successfully deleted the selected partition.
DISKPART> create partition primary size=800 id=de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac
DiskPart succeeded in creating the specified partition.
DISKPART> format fs=ntfs label=Recovery quick
100 percent completed
DiskPart successfully formatted the volume.
DISKPART> assign letter=r
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> GPT ATTRIBUTES=0x8000000000000001
DiskPart successfully assigned the attributes to the selected GPT partition.
DISKPART> detail partition
Partition 3
Type : de94bba4-06d1-4d40-a16a-bfd50179d6ac
Hidden : No
Required: Yes
Attrib : 0X8000000000000001
Offset in Bytes: 165397135360
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
* Volume 3 R Recovery NTFS Partition 800 MB Healthy Hidden
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
X:\windows\system32>
X:\windows\system32>xcopy t:\* r: /e /h
T:\Recovery.txt
T:\Recovery\Logs\BootUX (1).sqml
T:\Recovery\Logs\BootUX (2).sqml
T:\Recovery\Logs\BootUX (3).sqml
T:\Recovery\Logs\Reload.xml
T:\Recovery\WindowsRE\boot.sdi
T:\Recovery\WindowsRE\ReAgent.xml
T:\Recovery\WindowsRE\Winre.wim
T:\System Volume Information\tracking.log
9 File(s) copied
X:\windows\system32>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.17763.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: MININT-9R6AU7J
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> create partition efi
DiskPart succeeded in creating the specified partition.
DISKPART> format fs=fat32 label=EFI quick
100 percent completed
DiskPart successfully formatted the volume.
DISKPART> assign letter=s
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> GPT ATTRIBUTES=0x0000000000000000
DiskPart successfully assigned the attributes to the selected GPT partition.
DISKPART> detail partition
Partition 5
Type : c12a7328-f81f-11d2-ba4b-00a0c93ec93b
Hidden : Yes
Required: No
Attrib : 0000000000000000
Offset in Bytes: 166235996160
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
* Volume 5 S EFI FAT32 Partition 200 MB Healthy Hidden
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Reserved 16 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 153 GB 17 MB
Partition 4 Primary 800 MB 153 GB
Partition 3 Recovery 800 MB 154 GB
* Partition 5 System 200 MB 154 GB
DISKPART> select partition 4
Partition 4 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> remove letter=t
DiskPart successfully removed the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> delete partition
DiskPart successfully deleted the selected partition.
DISKPART> select partition 2
Partition 2 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> extend
DiskPart successfully extended the volume.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Reserved 16 MB 1024 KB
* Partition 2 Primary 154 GB 17 MB
Partition 3 Recovery 800 MB 154 GB
Partition 5 System 200 MB 154 GB
DISKPART> select disk 1
Disk 1 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 System 210 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Unknown 324 GB 211 MB
DISKPART> select partition 1
Partition 1 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> assign letter=u
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> list volume
Volume ### Ltr Label Fs Type Size Status Info
---------- --- ----------- ----- ---------- ------- --------- --------
Volume 0 D CCCOMA_X64F UDF CD-ROM 4840 MB Healthy
Volume 1 C Win BC NTFS Partition 154 GB Healthy
Volume 3 R Recovery NTFS Partition 800 MB Healthy
* Volume 4 U EFI FAT32 Partition 210 MB Healthy Hidden
Volume 5 S EFI FAT32 Partition 200 MB Healthy Hidden
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
X:\windows\system32>
X:\windows\system32>bcdboot c:\Windows /s s: /f UEFI
Boot files successfully created.
X:\windows\system32>u:
U:\>cd efi
U:\EFI>rd /s /q Microsoft
U:\EFI>rd /s /q Boot
U:\>exit
Dopo il riavvio su Windows, ho notato che l'ambiente di ripristino di Windows non funzionava correttamente. Di seguito sono riportati i comandi immessi in una finestra del prompt dei comandi dell'amministratore che ha risolto il problema.
Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.17763.107]
(c) 2018 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Windows\system32>reagentc /info
Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) and system reset configuration
Information:
Windows RE status: Disabled
Windows RE location:
Boot Configuration Data (BCD) identifier: b1098958-1b75-11e9-a3a8-ba8bed1fcc42
Recovery image location:
Recovery image index: 0
Custom image location:
Custom image index: 0
REAGENTC.EXE: Operation Successful.
C:\Windows\system32>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.17763.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: DESKTOP-Q438CQ5
DISKPART> list disk
Disk ### Status Size Free Dyn Gpt
-------- ------------- ------- ------- --- ---
Disk 0 Online 155 GB 0 B *
Disk 1 Online 325 GB 0 B *
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Reserved 16 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 154 GB 17 MB
Partition 3 Recovery 800 MB 154 GB
Partition 4 System 200 MB 154 GB
DISKPART> select partition 3
Partition 3 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> assign letter=r
DiskPart successfully assigned the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
C:\Windows\system32>reagentc /setreimage /path r:\Recovery\WindowsRE
Directory set to: \\?\GLOBALROOT\device\harddisk0\partition3\Recovery\WindowsRE
REAGENTC.EXE: Operation Successful.
C:\Windows\system32>reagentc /enable
REAGENTC.EXE: Operation Successful.
C:\Windows\system32>reagentc /info
Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE) and system reset configuration
Information:
Windows RE status: Enabled
Windows RE location: \\?\GLOBALROOT\device\harddisk0\partition3\Recovery\WindowsRE
Boot Configuration Data (BCD) identifier: aea2b938-1ba3-11e9-b797-c059ce58515c
Recovery image location:
Recovery image index: 0
Custom image location:
Custom image index: 0
REAGENTC.EXE: Operation Successful.
C:\Windows\system32>diskpart
Microsoft DiskPart version 10.0.17763.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.
On computer: DESKTOP-Q438CQ5
DISKPART> select disk 0
Disk 0 is now the selected disk.
DISKPART> list partition
Partition ### Type Size Offset
------------- ---------------- ------- -------
Partition 1 Reserved 16 MB 1024 KB
Partition 2 Primary 154 GB 17 MB
Partition 3 Recovery 800 MB 154 GB
Partition 4 System 200 MB 154 GB
DISKPART> select partition 3
Partition 3 is now the selected partition.
DISKPART> remove letter=r
DiskPart successfully removed the drive letter or mount point.
DISKPART> exit
Leaving DiskPart...
C:\Windows\system32>exit
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