La tua missione è quella di scrivere una funzione / programma che converta una matrice di byte (cioè una matrice di numeri interi da 0 a 255), in base64.

L'uso degli encoder base64 integrati non è consentito.

L'implementazione base64 richiesta è RFC 2045. (utilizzando "+", "/" e riempimento obbligatorio con "=")

Il codice più corto (in byte) vince!

Esempio:

Input (int array): [99, 97, 102, 195, 169]

Uscita (stringa): Y2Fmw6k=

JavaScript, 177 187 198 personaggi

function(d){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87)))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c}

Per aggiungere interruzioni di riga, \r\ndopo ogni 76 ° carattere, aggiungi 23 caratteri al codice:

function(d){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87))+(75==(a-1)%76?"\r\n":""))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c}

Codice demo:

var encode = function(d,a,e,b,c,f){c="";for(a=e=b=0;a<4*d.length/3;f=b>>2*(++a&3)&63,c+=String.fromCharCode(f+71-(f<26?6:f<52?0:f<62?75:f^63?90:87))+(75==(a-1)%76?"\r\n":""))a&3^3&&(b=b<<8^d[e++]);for(;a++&3;)c+="=";return c};

//OP test case
console.log(encode([99, 97, 102, 195, 169])); // outputs "Y2Fmw6k=".

//Quote from Hobbes' Leviathan:
console.log(
 encode(
  ("Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from " +
   "other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight " +
   "in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short " +
   "vehemence of any carnal pleasure.")
  .split('').map(function(i){return i.charCodeAt(0)})
 )
);

Assembly x86 a 32 bit, 59 byte

Byte-Code:

66 B8 0D 0A 66 AB 6A 14 5A 4A 74 F4 AD 4E 45 0F C8 6A 04 59 C1 C0 06 24 3F 3C 3E 72 05 C0
E0 02 2C 0E 2C 04 3C 30 7D 08 04 45 3C 5A 76 02 04 06 AA 4D E0 E0 75 D3 B0 3D F3 AA C3

Smontaggio:

b64_newline:
    mov     ax, 0a0dh
    stosw
b64encode:
    push    (76 shr 2) + 1
    pop     edx
b64_outer:
    dec     edx
    je      b64_newline
    lodsd
    dec     esi
    inc     ebp
    bswap   eax
    push    4
    pop     ecx
b64_inner:
    rol     eax, 6
    and     al, 3fh
    cmp     al, 3eh
    jb      b64_testchar
    shl     al, 2     ;'+' and '/' differ by only 1 bit
    sub     al, ((3eh shl 2) + 'A' - '+') and 0ffh
b64_testchar:
    sub     al, 4
    cmp     al, '0'
    jnl     b64_store ;l not b because '/' is still < 0 here
    add     al, 'A' + 4
    cmp     al, 'Z'
    jbe     b64_store
    add     al, 'a' - 'Z' - 1
b64_store:
    stosb
    dec     ebp
    loopne  b64_inner
    jne     b64_outer
    mov     al, '='
    rep     stosb
    ret

Chiama b64encode con esi che punta al buffer di input, edi che punta al buffer di output.

Potrebbe essere reso ancora più piccolo se non si utilizza la disposizione a capo.

perl, 126 byte

legge stdin, restituisce stdout

$/=$\;print map{$l=y///c/2%3;[A..Z,a..z,0..9,"+","/"]->[oct"0b".substr$_.0 x4,0,6],$l?"="x(3-$l):""}unpack("B*",<>)=~/.{1,6}/g

ungolfed:

my @x = ('A'..'Z','a'..'z',0..9,'+','/');
my $in = join '', <>;
my $bits = unpack 'B*', $in;
my @six_bit_groups = $bits =~ /.{1,6}/g;
for my $sixbits (@six_bit_groups) {
  next unless defined $sixbits;
  $l=length($sixbits)/2%3;
  my $zero_padded = $sixbits . ( "0" x 4 );
  my $padded_bits = substr( $zero_padded, 0, 6 );
  my $six_bit_int = oct "0b" . $padded_bits;
  print $x[$six_bit_int];
  print "=" x (3 - $l)  if  $l;
}

Perl, 147 byte

sub b{$f=(3-($#_+1)%3)%3;$_=unpack'B*',pack'C*',@_;@r=map{(A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/')[oct"0b$_"]}/.{1,6}/g;$"='';join"\r\n",("@r".'='x$f)=~/.{1,76}/g}

La funzione accetta un elenco di numeri interi come input e genera la stringa codificata in base64.

Esempio:

print b(99, 97, 102, 195, 169)

stampe

Y2Fmw6kA

Ungolfed:

Versione che visualizza anche i passaggi intermedi:

sub b {
    # input array: @_
    # number of elements: $#_ + 1 ($#_ is zero-based index of last element in 
    $fillbytes = (3 - ($#_ + 1) % 3) % 3;
      # calculate the number for the needed fill bytes
      print "fillbytes:       $fillbytes\n";
    $byte_string = pack 'C*', @_;
      # the numbers are packed as octets to a binary string
      # (binary string not printed)
    $bit_string = unpack 'B*', $byte_string;
      # the binary string is converted to its bit representation, a string wit
      print "bit string:      \"$bit_string\"\n";
    @six_bit_strings = $bit_string =~ /.{1,6}/g;
      # group in blocks of 6 bit
      print "6-bit strings:   [@six_bit_strings]\n";
    @index_positions = map { oct"0b$_" } @six_bit_strings;
      # convert bit string to number
      print "index positions: [@index_positions]\n";
    @alphabet = (A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/');
      # the alphabet for base64
    @output_chars = map { $alphabet[$_] } @index_positions;
      # output characters with wrong last characters that entirely derived fro
      print "output chars:    [@output_chars]\n";
    local $" = ''; #"
    $output_string = "@output_chars";
      # array to string without space between elements ($")
      print "output string:   \"$output_string\"\n";
    $result = $output_string .= '=' x $fillbytes;
      # add padding with trailing '=' characters
      print "result:          \"$result\"\n";
    $formatted_result = join "\r\n", $result =~ /.{1,76}/g;
      # maximum line length is 76 and line ends are "\r\n" according to RFC 2045
      print "formatted result:\n$formatted_result\n";
    return $formatted_result;
}

Produzione:

fillbytes:       1
bit string:      "0110001101100001011001101100001110101001"
6-bit strings:   [011000 110110 000101 100110 110000 111010 1001]
index positions: [24 54 5 38 48 58 9]
output chars:    [Y 2 F m w 6 J]
output string:   "Y2Fmw6J"
result:          "Y2Fmw6J="
formatted result:
Y2Fmw6J=

test:

Le stringhe di test provengono dall'esempio nella domanda, gli esempi nell'articolo di Wikipedia per Base64 .

sub b{$f=(3-($#_+1)%3)%3;$_=unpack'B*',pack'C*',@_;@r=map{(A..Z,a..z,0..9,'+','/')[oct"0b$_"]}/.{1,6}/g;$"='';join"\r\n",("@r".'='x$f)=~/.{1,76}/g}

sub test ($) {
   print b(map {ord($_)} $_[0] =~ /./sg), "\n\n";
}

my $str = <<'END_STR';
Man is distinguished, not only by his reason, but by this singular passion from
other animals, which is a lust of the mind, that by a perseverance of delight
in the continued and indefatigable generation of knowledge, exceeds the short
vehemence of any carnal pleasure.
END_STR
chomp $str;

test "\143\141\146\303\251";
test $str;
test "any carnal pleasure.";
test "any carnal pleasure";
test "any carnal pleasur";
test "any carnal pleasu";
test "any carnal pleas";
test "pleasure.";
test "leasure.";
test "easure.";
test "asure.";
test "sure.";

Uscita di prova:

TWFuIGlzIGRpc3Rpbmd1aXNoZWQsIG5vdCBvbmx5IGJ5IGhpcyByZWFzb24sIGJ1dCBieSB0aGlz
IHNpbmd1bGFyIHBhc3Npb24gZnJvbQpvdGhlciBhbmltYWxzLCB3aGljaCBpcyBhIGx1c3Qgb2Yg
dGhlIG1pbmQsIHRoYXQgYnkgYSBwZXJzZXZlcmFuY2Ugb2YgZGVsaWdodAppbiB0aGUgY29udGlu
dWVkIGFuZCBpbmRlZmF0aWdhYmxlIGdlbmVyYXRpb24gb2Yga25vd2xlZGdlLCBleGNlZWRzIHRo
ZSBzaG9ydAp2ZWhlbWVuY2Ugb2YgYW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZSO=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZSO=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3VyZB==

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3Vy

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhc3F=

YW55IGNhcm5hbCBwbGVhcD==

cGxlYXN1cmUu

bGVhc3VyZSO=

ZWFzdXJlLC==

YXN1cmUu

c3VyZSO=

Python, 234 caratteri

def F(s):
 R=range;A=R(65,91)+R(97,123)+R(48,58)+[43,47];n=len(s);s+=[0,0];r='';i=0
 while i<n:
  if i%57<1:r+='\r\n'
  for j in R(4):r+=chr(A[s[i]*65536+s[i+1]*256+s[i+2]>>18-6*j&63])
  i+=3
 k=-n%3
 if k:r=r[:-k]+'='*k
 return r[2:]

GolfScript, 80 (77) byte

~.,~)3%:P[0]*+[4]3*\+256base 64base{'+/''A[a{:0'{,^}/=}/{;}P*'='P*]4>76/"\r
":n*

Quanto sopra si adatterà esattamente a 76 caratteri in una riga, ad eccezione dell'ultima riga. Tutte le linee sono terminate da CRLF.

Si noti che RFC 2045 specifica una lunghezza di riga variabile, massima di 76 caratteri, quindi a costo di un output piuttosto, possiamo salvare 3 byte aggiuntivi.

~.,~)3%:P[0]*+[4]3*\+256base 64base{'+/''A[a{:0'{,^}/=}/{;}P*'='P*]4>{13]n+}/

Quanto sopra stamperà un carattere per riga, ad eccezione dell'ultima riga, che può contenere 0, 1 o 2 =caratteri. GolfScript aggiungerà anche un LF finale che, secondo RFC 2045, deve essere ignorato dal software di decodifica.

Esempio

$ echo '[99 97 102 195 169]' | golfscript base64.gs | cat -A
Y2Fmw6k=^M$
$ echo [ {0..142} ] | golfscript base64.gs | cat -A
AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjJCUmJygpKissLS4vMDEyMzQ1Njc4^M$
OTo7PD0+P0BBQkNERUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWltcXV5fYGFiY2RlZmdoaWprbG1ub3Bx^M$
cnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn+AgYKDhIWGh4iJiouMjY4=^M$
$ echo '[99 97 102 195 169]' | golfscript base64-sneaky.gs | cat -A
Y^M$
2^M$
F^M$
m^M$
w^M$
6^M$
k^M$
=^M$
$

Come funziona

~          # Interpret the input string.
.,~)3%:P   # Calculate the number of bytes missing to yield a multiple of 3 and save in “P”.
[0]*+      # Append that many zero bytes to the input array.
[4]3*\+    # Prepend 3 bytes to the input array to avoid issues with leading zeros.
256base    # Convert the input array into an integer.
64base     # Convert that integer to base 64.
{          # For each digit:
  '+/'     # Push '+/'.
  'A[a{:0' # Push 'A[a{:0'.
  {        # For each byte in 'A[a{:0':
    ,      # Push the array of all bytes up to that byte.
    ^      # Take the symmetric difference with the array below it.
  }/       # Result: 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
  =        # Retrieve the character corresponding to the digit.
}/         #
{;}P*'='P* # Replace the last “P” characters with a string containing that many “=” chars.
]          # Collect all bytes on the stack into an array.
4>         # Remove the first four, which correspond to the 3 prepended bytes.
76/        # Collect all bytes on the stack into an array and split into 76-byte chunks.
"\r\n":n*  # Join the chunks with separator CRLF and save CRLF as the new line terminator.

PHP , 200 byte

<?foreach($g=$_GET as$k=>$v)$b[$k/3^0]+=256**(2-$k%3)*$v;for(;$i<62;)$s.=chr($i%26+[65,97,48][$i++/26]);foreach($b as$k=>$v)for($i=4;$i--;$p++)$r.=("$s+/=")[count($g)*4/3<$p?64:($v/64**$i)%64];echo$r;

Provalo online!

È possibile sostituire la stringa ("$s+/=")con un arrayarray_merge(range(A,Z),range(a,z),range(0,9),["+","/","="])

Solo per confrontare quale numero di byte può raggiungere con un built-in non consentito

PHP , 45 byte

<?=base64_encode(join(array_map(chr,$_GET)));

Provalo online!

JavaScript (ES6), 220B

f=a=>{for(s=a.map(e=>('0000000'+e.toString(2)).slice(-8)).join(p='');s.length%6;p+='=')s+='00';return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(e=>'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'[parseInt(e,2)]).join('')+p}

Se il tuo browser non supporta ES6, puoi provare con questa versione (262B):

function f(a){for(s=a.map(function(e){return ('0000000'+e.toString(2)).slice(-8)}).join(p='');s.length%6;p+='=')s+='00';return s.match(/.{6}/g).map(function(e){return 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'[parseInt(e,2)]}).join('')+p}

f([99, 97, 102, 195, 169])ritorna "Y2Fmw6k=".

Python - 310, 333

def e(b):
  l=len;c="ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";r=p="";d=l(b)%3
  if d>0:d=abs(d-3);p+="="*d;b+=[0]*d
  for i in range(0,l(b)-1,3):
    if l(r)%76==0:r+="\r\n"
    n=(b[i]<<16)+(b[i+1]<<8)+b[i+2];x=(n>>18)&63,(n>>12)&63,(n>>6)&63,n&63;r+=c[x[0]]+c[x[1]]+c[x[2]]+c[x[3]]
  return r[:l(r)-l(p)]+p

Abbastanza ungolfed:

def e( b ):
    c = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"
    r = p = ""
    d = len( b ) % 3

    if d > 0:
        d = abs( d - 3 )
        p = "=" * d
        b + = [0] * d

    for i in range( 0, len( b ) - 1, 3 ):
        if len( r ) % 76 == 0:
            r += "\r\n"

        n = ( b[i] << 16 ) + ( b[i + 1] << 8 ) + b[i + 2]
        x = ( n >> 18 ) & 63, ( n >> 12 ) & 63, ( n >> 6) & 63, n & 63
        r += c[x[0]] + c[x[1]] + c[x[2]] + c[x[3]]

    return r[:len( r ) - len( p )] + p

Esempio :

Il modulo base64 integrato di Python viene utilizzato solo in questo esempio per garantire che la efunzione abbia l'output corretto, la efunzione stessa non lo sta utilizzando.

from base64 import encodestring as enc

test = [ 99, 97, 102, 195, 169 ]
str  = "".join( chr( x ) for x in test )

control = enc( str ).strip()
output = e( test )

print output            # => Y2Fmw6k=
print control == output # => True

Gelatina , 38 byte

s3z0Zµḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z;€“ƽ‘Ọ

Provalo online!

Poiché (quasi) ogni altra risposta copre il requisito RFC2045 di "al massimo 76 caratteri per riga con fine riga \r\n", l'ho seguito.

Come funziona

s3z0Zµḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z;€“ƽ‘Ọ    Monadic main link. Input: list of bytes

s3z0Z    Slice into 3-item chunks, transpose with 0 padding, transpose back
         Equivalent to "pad to length 3n, then slice into chunks"

µḅ⁹b64‘ịØb)    Convert each chunk to base64
 ḅ⁹b64         Convert base 256 to integer, then to base 64
      ‘ịØb     Increment (Jelly is 1-based) and index into base64 digits

FṖ³LN%3¤¡s4z”=Z    Add correct "=" padding
F                  Flatten the list of strings to single string
 Ṗ      ¡          Repeat "remove last" n times, where
  ³LN%3¤             n = (- input length) % 3
         s4z”=Z    Pad "=" to length 4n, then slice into 4-item chunks

;€“ƽ‘Ọ    Add "\r\n" line separator
;€         Append to each line:
  “ƽ‘       Codepage-encoded list [13,10]
      Ọ    Apply `chr` to numbers; effectively add "\r\n"