Einstein scrisse un indovinello. Ha detto che il 98% del mondo non è riuscito a risolverlo.

Ho risolto questo indovinello in circa 25 minuti mentre ero in treno per lavorare. Fondamentalmente è solo deduzione.

L'indovinello

Ci sono 5 case in 5 colori diversi di seguito.
In ogni casa vive una persona di diversa nazionalità.
I 5 proprietari bevono un certo tipo di bevanda, fumano una certa marca di sigari e tengono un certo animale domestico.
Nessun proprietario ha lo stesso animale domestico, fuma la stessa marca di sigari o beve la stessa bevanda.
Domanda: chi possiede il pesce?

Per risolvere questo enigma, Einstein fornisce 15 suggerimenti:

1. Il britannico vive nella casa rossa.
2. Lo svedese mantiene i cani come animali domestici.
3. The Dane beve il tè.
4. La serra si trova sulla sinistra immediata della casa bianca.
5. Il proprietario della serra beve il caffè.
6. Il proprietario che fuma Pall Mall alleva uccelli.
7. Il proprietario della casa gialla fuma Dunhill.
8. Il proprietario che vive nella casa al centro beve latte.
9. Il norvegese vive nella prima casa.
10. Il proprietario che fuma Blends vive accanto a quello che tiene i gatti.
11. Il proprietario che tiene il cavallo vive accanto a quello che fuma Dunhill.
12. Il proprietario che fuma Bluemasters beve birra.
13. Il tedesco fuma Prince.
14. Il norvegese vive vicino alla casa blu.
15. Il proprietario che fuma Blends vive accanto a quello che beve acqua.

Con questi suggerimenti puoi arrivare a una soluzione.

Il tuo compito: crea un programma che risolverà questo indovinello per te. La codifica definitiva della soluzione non è consentita (duh)

È consentito codificare i suggerimenti in qualsiasi formato.
Esempio di formato:

//Hints in order
(Nationality:Brit)==(Color:Red)
(Nationality:Swede)==(Pet:Dogs)
(Nationality:Dane)==(Drink: Tea)
(Color:Green)/(Color:White)
(Color:Green)==(Drink:Coffee)
(Smoke:PallMall)==(Pet:Birds)
(Color:Yellow)==(Smoke:Dunhill)
(House:3)==(Drink:Milk)
(Nationality:Norwegian)==(House:1)
(Smoke:Blend)/\(Pet:Cats)

== significa uguale a
/ significa sul lato sinistro di
\ significa sul lato destro di
/ \ significa sinistra o destra di

Come ho detto, è consentito o suggerire hardcode o averli come input.

Output: l'output dovrebbe essere nel seguente formato (con i valori corretti, basta dire per i troll;))

 _____________    _____________    _____________    _____________    _____________
|   Number    |  |   Number    |  |   Number    |  |   Number    |  |   Number    |
| Nationality |  | Nationality |  | Nationality |  | Nationality |  | Nationality |
|    Color    |  |    Color    |  |    Color    |  |    Color    |  |    Color    |
|    Drink    |  |    Drink    |  |    Drink    |  |    Drink    |  |    Drink    |
|    Smoke    |  |    Smoke    |  |    Smoke    |  |    Smoke    |  |    Smoke    |
|     Pet     |  |     Pet     |  |     Pet     |  |     Pet     |  |     Pet     |
---------------  ---------------  ---------------  ---------------  ---------------

The <Nationality> in the <Color> house owns the fish!

Le scatole d'arte Ascii possono essere cambiate da te, purché siano scatole, non importa quali simboli usi.

Qualsiasi conoscenza su questo enigma e soluzione non può essere utilizzata nel programma. Dovrebbe usare pura logica e deduzione per risolvere l'enigma.

Contrassegnato come codegolf ma potrebbe essere una sfida al codice, non sono sicuro. Qualsiasi pensiero sui criteri vincenti per una sfida del codice è libero di condividere :)

Per ora si tratta di code-golf, quindi vince il programma con il byte più basso.

Buona fortuna e buona programmazione :)

Prolog - 954 personaggi

m(A,Z):-member(A,Z).
e:-e(Z),w(Z).
e(Z):-Z=[[1,A,F,K,P,U],[2,B,G,L,Q,V],[3,C,H,M,R,W],[4,D,I,N,S,X],[5,E,J,O,T,Y]],m([_,b,r,_,_,_],Z),m([_,s,_,d,_,_],Z),m([_,d,_,_,t,_],Z),m([WH,_,w,_,_,_],Z),m([GH,_,g,_,_,_],Z),GH=:=WH-1,m([_,_,g,_,c,_],Z),m([_,_,_,b,_,p],Z),m([_,_,y,_,_,d],Z),m([3,_,_,_,m,_],Z),m([1,n,_,_,_,_],Z),m([BH,_,_,_,_,b],Z),m([CH,_,_,c,_,_],Z),(BH=:=CH+1;BH=:=CH-1),m([DH,_,_,_,_,d],Z),m([HH,_,_,h,_,_],Z),(HH=:=DH+1;HH=:=DH-1),m([_,_,_,_,b,l],Z),m([_,g,_,_,_,r],Z),m([NH,n,_,_,_,_],Z),m([YH,_,b,_,_,_],Z),(NH=:=YH+1;NH=:=YH-1),m([SH,_,_,_,_,b],Z),m([XH,_,_,_,w,_],Z),(SH=:=XH+1;SH=:=XH-1),p([n,d,b,g,s],[A,B,C,D,E]),p([y,b,r,g,w],[F,G,H,I,J]),p([c,h,b,f,d],[K,L,M,N,O]),p([w,t,m,c,b],[P,Q,R,S,T]),p([d,b,p,r,l],[U,V,W,X,Y]).
t(X,[X|R],R).
t(X,[F|R],[F|S]):-t(X,R,S).
p([W|X],Y):-p(X,V),t(W,Y,V).
p([],[]).
b:-write('+--+--+--+--+--+--+'),nl.
z(A):-writef('|%2L|%2L|%2L|%2L|%2L|%2L|',A),nl.
w([A,B,C,D,E]):-b,z(A),z(B),z(C),z(D),z(E),b.

Produzione

+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|1 |n |y |c |w |d |
|2 |d |b |h |t |b |
|3 |b |r |b |m |p |
|4 |g |g |f |c |r |
|5 |s |w |d |b |l |
+--+--+--+--+--+--+

Chiave:

• La prima colonna è il numero civico;
• La seconda colonna è la nazionalità;
• La terza colonna è il colore preferito;
• La quarta colonna è un animale domestico;
• La quinta colonna è bere; e
• La sesta colonna è sigaretta (r = principe, l = bluemaster).

Ruby 322 + input 442

Ricerca di forza bruta di quasi 25 miliardi di possibili risposte.
Il mio computer impiegherebbe circa 75 giorni per eseguire questo programma.
Non ho mai verificato se questo programma stampa una risposta corretta!

Correre come ruby riddle.rb < riddle.in

riddle.rb (332 byte)

g=readlines
v=g.shift(5).map &:split
c,*d=v.map{|a|[*a.permutation]}
c.product(*d){|a|(f=eval a.map{|b|b.each_with_index.map{|s,i|"#{s}=#{i}\n"}.join}.join+'g.map{|h|eval h}.all?&&fish')&&(r=['-----------']*5
puts [r,[*0..4],*a,r].map{|s|s.map{|t|'|%11s|'%t}.join},"The #{a[0][f]} in the #{a[1][f]} house owns the fish!")}

riddle.in (442 byte)

brit dane german norwegian swede
blue green red white yellow
beer coffee milk tea water
blends bluemasters dunhill pall_mall prince
birds cats dogs fish horse
brit==red
swede==dogs
dane==tea
green==white-1
green==coffee
pall_mall==birds
yellow==dunhill
2==milk
norwegian==0
blends==cats-1||blends==cats+1
horse==dunhill-1||horse==dunhill+1
bluemasters==beer
german==prince
norwegian==blue-1||norwegian==blue+1
blends==water-1||blends==water+1

Il file di input deve contenere 5 righe di nomi, seguite da righe di espressioni logiche. I numeri civici vanno da 0 a 4. Ci deve essere unfish .

Il programma chiama Array#permutationcinque volte per trovare tutti i modi per ordinare le matrici di nazionalità, colori, bevande, fumi e animali domestici. Il lungo ciclo è che c.product(*d){|a|...}chiama Array#producta ripetere quasi 25 miliardi di possibili risposte. Il corpo del loop ha la forma (f=eval ...)&&(...). La eval ...parte valuta le espressioni logiche. Se tutti sono veri, allora fè il numero civico del pesce e la &&(...)parte stampa la risposta. Il numero civico 0 è vero in Ruby.

Code golf significa non aggiungere codice per la velocità! Ma mi mancano 75 giorni per eseguire il programma!

Prolog, 653 caratteri

a([],L,L).
a([H|T],L2,[H|L3]):-a(T,L2,L3).
m(X,L):-a(_,[X|_],L).
r(X,Y,L):-a(_,[X,Y|_],L).
n(X,Y,L):-r(X,Y,L);r(Y,X,L).
s:-s(S),w(S).
s(S):-length(S,5),m([b,r,_,_,_],S),m([s,_,_,_,d],S),m([d,_,t,_,_],S),r([_,g,_,_,_],[_,w,_,_,_],S),m([_,g,c,_,_],S),m([_,_,_,p,b],S),m([_,y,_,d,_],S),S=[_,_,[_,_,m,_,_],_,_],S=[[n,_,_,_,_],_,_,_,_],n([_,_,_,b,_],[_,_,_,_,c],S),n([_,_,_,d,_],[_,_,_,_,h],S),m([_,_,b,l,_],S),m([g,_,_,r,_],S),n([n,_,_,_,_],[_,b,_,_,_],S),n([_,_,_,b,_],[_,_,w,_,_],S),m([_,_,_,_,f],S).
b:-write('----------------+'),nl.
z(Y,A):-write(Y),writef('|%2L|%2L|%2L|%2L|%2L|',A),nl.
w([S1,S2,S3,S4,S5]):-b,z(1,S1),z(2,S2),z(3,S3),z(4,S4),z(5,S5),b.

Caratteri Smalltalk 1332

Utilizzando Smalltalk semplice:

|n c v g p t r|n:=#(Brit Swede Dane Norwegian German
Red Green White Yellow Blue
Tea Coffee Milk Beer Water
PallMall Dunhill Blends Bluemasters Prince
Dogs Birds Cats Horses Fish).
v:=Dictionary new.n do:[:n|v at:n put:nil].g:=n splitForSize:5.
c:={{[:b :r|b==r].#Brit.#Red}.{[:s :d|s==d].#Swede.#Dogs}.{[:d :t|d==t].#Dane.#Tea}.
{[:g :w|g==(w-1)].#Green.#White}.{[:g :c|g==c].#Green.#Coffee}.
{[:p :b|p==b].#PallMall.#Birds}.{[:y :d|y==d].#Yellow.#Dunhill}.
{[:m|m==3].#Milk}.{[:n|n==1].#Norwegian}.{[:b :c|(b-c)abs==1].#Blends.#Cats}.
{[:h :d|(h-d)abs==1].#Horses.#Dunhill}.{[:m :b|m==b].#Bluemasters.#Beer}.
{[:g :p|g==p].#German.#Prince}.{[:n :b|(n-b)abs==1].#Norwegian.#Blue}.
{[:b :w|(b-w)abs==1].#Blends.#Water}}.
t:=[:c|x:=(c from:2collect:[:n|v at:n]).(x includes:nil)or:[c first valueWithArguments:x]].
p:=[|f|(((''-'',* 16),'' ''),*5)printCR.g do:[:n||w|w:=n collect:[:n|v at:n].w sortWith:n.
n do:[:n|''|''print.(n centerPaddedTo:14)print.''| ''print].''''printCR.].(((''-'',* 16),'' ''),*5)printCR.
f:=v at:#Fish.(''The %1 in the %2 house owns the fish''bindWith:(g first detect:[:n|(v at:n)==f])with:((g at:2) detect:[:n|(v at:n)==f]))printCR].
r:=[:gi|gi==0ifTrue:p ifFalse:[#(1 2 3 4 5)permutationsDo:[:perm|v declareAll:(g at:gi)from:perm.
(c conform:t)ifTrue:[r value:gi-1]].v declareAll:(g at:gi)from:#(nil),*5]].
r value:g size.

Produzione:

---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- 
|  Norwegian   | |     Dane     | |     Brit     | |    German    | |    Swede     | 
|    Yellow    | |     Blue     | |     Red      | |    Green     | |    White     | 
|    Water     | |     Tea      | |     Milk     | |    Coffee    | |     Beer     | 
|   Dunhill    | |    Blends    | |   PallMall   | |    Prince    | | Bluemasters  | 
|     Cats     | |    Horses    | |    Birds     | |     Fish     | |     Dogs     | 
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
The German in the Green house owns the fish

Poiché la versione golfata è quasi illeggibile, ecco il codice dello sviluppatore con nomi propri, rientro e spazi per la leggibilità:

|names constraints foundSolution v groups printSolution testC test try|

names := #(Brit Swede Dane Norwegian German
 Red Green White Yellow Blue
 Tea Coffee Milk Beer Water
 PallMall Dunhill Blends Bluemasters Prince
 Dogs Birds Cats Horses Fish).

v := Dictionary new.
names do:[:n | v at:n put:nil].
groups := names splitForSize:5.

constraints := {
        {[:b :r | b==r] . #Brit . #Red   }.          "/ The Brit lives in the red house.
        {[:s :d | s==d] . #Swede . #Dogs }.          "/ The Swede keeps dogs as pets.
        {[:d :t | d==t] . #Dane . #Tea   }.          "/ The Dane drinks tea.
        {[:g :w | g==(w-1)] . #Green . #White }.     "/ The green house is on the immediate left of the white house.
        {[:g :c | g==c] . #Green . #Coffee}.         "/ The green house's owner drinks coffee.
        {[:p :b | p==b] . #PallMall . #Birds}.       "/ The owner who smokes Pall Mall rears birds.
        {[:y :d | y==d] . #Yellow . #Dunhill}.       "/ The owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
        {[:m | m==3] . #Milk}.                       "/ The owner living in the center house drinks milk.
        {[:n | n==1] . #Norwegian }.                 "/ The Norwegian lives in the first house.
        {[:b :c | (b-c)abs==1] . #Blends . #Cats}.   "/ The owner who smokes Blends lives next to the one who keeps cats.
        {[:h :d | (h-d)abs==1] . #Horses . #Dunhill}."/ The owner who keeps the horse lives next to the one who smokes Dunhill.
        {[:m :b | m==b] . #Bluemasters . #Beer}.     "/ The owner who smokes Bluemasters drinks beer.
        {[:g :p | g==p] . #German . #Prince}.        "/ The German smokes Prince.
        {[:n :b | (n-b)abs==1] . #Norwegian . #Blue}."/ The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
        {[:b :w | (b-w)abs==1] . #Blends . #Water}.  "/ The owner who smokes Blends lives next to the one who drinks water.
}.
testC := [:c | vi:=((c from:2) collect:[:n|v at:n]). (vi includes:nil) or:[c first valueWithArguments:vi]].
test := [constraints conform:testC].

printSolution :=
 [  |f|
    ((('-',* 16),' '),*5) printCR.
    groups do:[:names|
         |values|
         values := names collect:[:nm|v at:nm].
         values sortWith:names.
         names do:[:n| '|'print. (n centerPaddedTo:14)print.'| ' print].
         '' printCR.
    ].
    ((('-',* 16),' '),*5) printCR.
    f := v at:#Fish.
    ('The %1 in the %2 house owns the fish'
        bindWith:((groups at:1) detect:[:n|(v at:n)==f])
        with:((groups at:2) detect:[:n|(v at:n)==f]))printCR
 ].


try := [:gi |
    gi == 0 
     ifTrue: printSolution
     ifFalse:[
        (1 to:5) asArray permutationsDo:[:perm |
            v declareAll:(groups at:gi) from:perm.
            test value ifTrue:[
                try value:(gi-1).
            ].
        ].
        v declareAll:(groups at:gi) from:#(nil nil nil nil nil).
    ].
].
try value:groups size.

Utilizzando una libreria del risolutore di vincoli:

Utilizzo di una libreria di risoluzione dei vincoli, molto simile a quella descritta nel manuale di OZ / Mozart. Come mi aspetto, lamenterai che ciò non è valido per il concorso ;-), è aggiunto solo per il tuo divertimento e ispirazione (cerca un pacchetto di contraffazione nella tua lingua), non golfato e senza contare i caratteri.

|solution|

solution := Solver
    anySolutionFor:[
        |Brit Swede Dane Norwegian German
         Red Green White Yellow Blue
         PallMall Dunhill Prince Blends Bluemasters
         Tea Coffee Water Beer Milk
         Dogs Birds Cats Horses Fish|

        Brit        := (1 %% 5) name:#Brit.
        Swede       := (1 %% 5) name:#Swede.
        Dane        := (1 %% 5) name:#Dane.
        Norwegian   := (1 %% 5) name:#Norwegian.
        German      := (1 %% 5) name:#German.

        Red     := (1 %% 5) name:#Red.
        Green   := (1 %% 5) name:#Green.
        White   := (1 %% 5) name:#White.
        Yellow  := (1 %% 5) name:#Yellow.
        Blue    := (1 %% 5) name:#Blue.

        PallMall     := (1 %% 5) name:#PallMall.
        Dunhill      := (1 %% 5) name:#Dunhill.
        Prince       := (1 %% 5) name:#Prince.
        Blends       := (1 %% 5) name:#Blends.
        Bluemasters  := (1 %% 5) name:#Bluemasters.

        Tea    := (1 %% 5) name:#Tea.
        Coffee := (1 %% 5) name:#Coffee.
        Milk   := (1 %% 5) name:#Milk.
        Water  := (1 %% 5) name:#Water.
        Beer   := (1 %% 5) name:#Beer.

        Dogs         := (1 %% 5) name:#Dogs.
        Birds        := (1 %% 5) name:#Birds.
        Cats         := (1 %% 5) name:#Cats.
        Horses       := (1 %% 5) name:#Horses.
        Fish         := (1 %% 5) name:#Fish.

        Solver allDistinct:{ Brit . Swede . Dane . Norwegian . German. }.
        Solver allDistinct:{ Red. Green. White. Yellow. Blue. }.
        Solver allDistinct:{ PallMall. Dunhill. Prince. Blends. Bluemasters. }.
        Solver allDistinct:{ Tea. Coffee. Milk. Water. Beer }.
        Solver allDistinct:{ Dogs. Birds. Cats. Horses. Fish. }.

        Brit       =: Red.           "/ The Brit lives in the red house.
        Swede      =: Dogs.          "/ The Swede keeps dogs as pets.
        Dane       =: Tea.           "/ The Dane drinks tea.
        Green =: (White - 1).        "/ The green house is on the immediate left of the white house.
        Green =: Coffee.             "/ The green house's owner drinks coffee.
        PallMall   =: Birds.         "/ The owner who smokes Pall Mall rears birds.
        Yellow =: Dunhill.           "/ The owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhill.
        Milk =: 3.                   "/ The owner living in the center house drinks milk.
        Norwegian =: 1.              "/ The Norwegian lives in the first house.
        (Blends - Cats) abs =: 1.    "/ The owner who smokes Blends lives next to the one who keeps cats.
        (Horses - Dunhill) abs =: 1. "/ The owner who keeps the horse lives next to the one who smokes Dunhill.
        Bluemasters =: Beer.         "/ The owner who smokes Bluemasters drinks beer.
        German =: Prince.            "/ The German smokes Prince.
        (Norwegian - Blue) abs =: 1. "/ The Norwegian lives next to the blue house.
        (Blends - Water) abs =: 1.   "/ The owner who smokes Blends lives next to the one who drinks water.
    ].

solution printCR.

Notare l'operatore "=:", che significa "unificare con". Il solutore utilizza un algoritmo di backtracking sull'insieme di vincoli definiti nel blocco problema. Il codice rimanente stampa la soluzione in scatole:

    |pLine pSorted f |

    pLine := [ 
        (1 to:5) do:[:i | ('-' ,* 15) print] separatedBy:[' ' print].
        '' printCR.
    ].
    pSorted := [:keys |
        |items t|

        items := keys collect:[:k| solution at:k].
        t := keys copy. items values sortWith:t. 
        pLine value:(t collect:[:x | '| ',(x centerPaddedTo:11),' |']).
    ].

    pLine value.
    pSorted value:#( Brit Swede Dane Norwegian German ).
    pSorted value:#( Red Green White Yellow Blue ).
    pSorted value:#( Tea Coffee Milk Water Beer ).
    pSorted value:#( PallMall Dunhill Prince Blends Bluemasters ).
    pSorted value:#( Dogs Birds Cats Horses Fish ).
    pLine value.

    f := solution at:'Fish'.
    ('The %1 in the %2 house owns the fish!'
        bindWith:(#( Brit Swede Dane Norwegian German ) detect:[:n| (solution at:n) == f])
        with:(#( Red Green White Yellow Blue ) detect:[:n| (solution at:n) == f])
            ) printCR.

Produzione:

Solution(Brit->3 Swede->5 Dane->2 Norwegian->1 German->4 Red->3 Green->4
 White->5 Yellow->1 Blue->2 PallMall->3 Dunhill->1 Prince->4 Blends->2
 Bluemasters->5 Tea->2 Coffee->4 Milk->3 Water->1 Beer->5 Dogs->5 Birds->3
 Cats->1 Horses->2 Fish->4)
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
|  Norwegian  | |    Dane     | |    Brit     | |   German    | |    Swede    |
|   Yellow    | |    Blue     | |     Red     | |    Green    | |    White    |
|    Water    | |     Tea     | |    Milk     | |   Coffee    | |    Beer     |
|   Dunhill   | |   Blends    | |  PallMall   | |   Prince    | | Bluemasters |
|    Cats     | |   Horses    | |    Birds    | |    Fish     | |    Dogs     |
--------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- ---------------
The German in the Green house owns the fish!

Modifica: oops - Ho dimenticato di stampare la riga "chi possiede il pesce" nella versione semplice.

Ruby 1166 caratteri

Modifica: aggiornato per il formato di output corretto

Funziona costantemente in meno di 0,2 secondi su un MBP i5.

Fonte: Visualizza su Github

One-liner:

def q(a);a.permutation;end;def z(a,b,c,d);l(a,b,c,d)||l(c,d,a,b);end;def l(a,b,c,d);(0..4).any?{|i|a[i]==b&&c[i+1]==d};end;def i(a,b,c,d);(0..4).any?{|i|a[i]==b&&c[i]==d};end;def t(i);['White','Yellow','Blue','Red','Green','German','Swede','Brit','Norwegian','Dane','Birds','Cats','Horses','Fish','Dogs','Beer','Water','Tea','Milk','Coffee','Blends','PallMall','Prince','Bluemasters','Dunhill'][i];end;def y(s);l=13-s.length;'|'+' '*(l/2.0).floor+s+' '*(l/2.0).ceil+'|';end;def d(s);b=[' '+(0..4).map{'_'*13}.join(' '*4)];u='  ';b<<[1,2,3,4,5].map{|i|y(i.to_s)}.join(u);s.each{|i|b<<i.map{|j|y(t(j))}.join(u)};b<<(0..4).map{'-'*15}.join(u);b<<'';z=s[4].index(13);b<<"The #{t s[0][z]} in the #{t s[1][z]} house owns the fish!";b.join "\n";end;q([0,1,2,3,4]).each{|c|l(c,4,c,0)||next;q([5,6,7,8,9]).each{|n|i(n,7,c,3)||next;n[0]==8||next;z(n,8,c,2)||next;q([10,11,12,13,14]).each{|a|i(n,6,a,14)||next;q([15,16,17,18,19]).each{|d|d[2]==18||next;i(c,4,d,19)||next;i(n,9,d,17)||next;q([20,21,22,23,24]).each{|s|z(a,12,s,24)||next;i(s,21,a,10)||next;z(s,20,d,16)||next;z(s,20,a,11)||next;i(n,5,s,22)||next;i(c,1,s,24)||next;i(s,23,d,15)||next;puts d([n,c,d,s,a]);exit}}}}}

Imbottito con nuove righe per adattarsi alla pagina:

def q(a);a.permutation;end;def z(a,b,c,d);l(a,b,c,d)||l(c,d,a,b);end
def l(a,b,c,d);(0..4).any?{|i|a[i]==b&&c[i+1]==d};end;def i(a,b,c,d);
(0..4).any?{|i|a[i]==b&&c[i]==d};end;def t(i);['White','Yellow','Blue',
'Red','Green','German','Swede','Brit','Norwegian','Dane','Birds',
'Cats','Horses','Fish','Dogs','Beer','Water','Tea','Milk','Coffee',
'Blends','PallMall','Prince','Bluemasters','Dunhill'][i];end;def y(s);
l=13-s.length;'|'+' '*(l/2.0).floor+s+' '*(l/2.0).ceil+'|';end;
def d(s);b=[' '+(0..4).map{'_'*13}.join(' '*4)];u='  ';
b<<[1,2,3,4,5].map{|i|y(i.to_s)}.join(u);s.each{|i|b<<i.map{|j|
y(t(j))}.join(u)};b<<(0..4).map{'-'*15}.join(u);b<<'';
z=s[4].index(13);
b<<"The #{t s[0][z]} in the #{t s[1][z]} house owns the fish!";
b.join "\n";end;q([0,1,2,3,4]).each{|c|l(c,4,c,0)||next;
q([5,6,7,8,9]).each{|n|i(n,7,c,3)||next;n[0]==8||next;z(n,8,c,2)||next;
q([10,11,12,13,14]).each{|a|i(n,6,a,14)||next;
q([15,16,17,18,19]).each{|d|d[2]==18||next;i(c,4,d,19)||next;
i(n,9,d,17)||next;q([20,21,22,23,24]).each{|s|z(a,12,s,24)||next;
i(s,21,a,10)||next;z(s,20,d,16)||next;z(s,20,a,11)||next;i(n,5,s,22)||next;
i(c,1,s,24)||next;i(s,23,d,15)||next;puts d([n,c,d,s,a]);exit}}}}}

Uscite:

 _____________    _____________    _____________    _____________    _____________
|      1      |  |      2      |  |      3      |  |      4      |  |      5      |
|  Norwegian  |  |    Dane     |  |    Brit     |  |   German    |  |    Swede    |
|   Yellow    |  |    Blue     |  |     Red     |  |    Green    |  |    White    |
|    Water    |  |     Tea     |  |    Milk     |  |   Coffee    |  |    Beer     |
|   Dunhill   |  |   Blends    |  |  PallMall   |  |   Prince    |  | Bluemasters |
|    Cats     |  |   Horses    |  |    Birds    |  |    Fish     |  |    Dogs     |
---------------  ---------------  ---------------  ---------------  ---------------

The German in the Green house owns the fish!

Codice Ungolfed

@colors        = [:white, :yellow, :blue, :red, :green].shuffle.permutation
@cigars        = [:blends, :pall_mall, :prince, :bluemasters, :dunhill].shuffle.permutation
@nationalities = [:german, :swedish, :british, :norwegian, :danish,].shuffle.permutation
@drinks        = [:beer, :water, :tea, :milk, :coffee].shuffle.permutation
@pets          = [:birds, :cats, :horses, :fish, :dogs].shuffle.permutation

def next_to?(set_a, val_a, set_b, val_b)
  left_of?(set_a, val_a, set_b, val_b) ||
  left_of?(set_b, val_b, set_a, val_a)
end

def left_of?(set_a, val_a, set_b, val_b)
  (0..4).any? do |i|
    set_a[i]   == val_a &&
    set_b[i+1] == val_b
  end
end

def implies?(set_a, val_a, set_b, val_b)
  (0..4).any? do |i|
    set_a[i] == val_a &&
    set_b[i] == val_b
  end
end

def solve
  i = 0
  @colors.each do |colors|
    i += 1
    next unless left_of?(colors, :green, colors, :white)
    @nationalities.each do |nationalities|
      i += 1
      next unless implies?(nationalities, :british, colors, :red)
      next unless nationalities[0] == :norwegian
      next unless next_to?(nationalities, :norwegian, colors, :blue)
      @pets.each do |pets|
        i += 1
        next unless implies?(nationalities, :swedish, pets, :dogs) 
        @drinks.each do |drinks|
          i += 1
          next unless drinks[2] == :milk
          next unless implies?(colors, :green, drinks, :coffee)
          next unless implies?(nationalities, :danish, drinks, :tea)
          @cigars.each do |cigars|
            i += 1
            next unless next_to?(pets, :horses, cigars, :dunhill)
            next unless implies?(cigars, :pall_mall, pets, :birds)
            next unless next_to?(cigars, :blends, drinks, :water)
            next unless next_to?(cigars, :blends, pets, :cats)
            next unless implies?(nationalities , :german, cigars, :prince)
            next unless implies?(colors, :yellow, cigars, :dunhill)
            next unless implies?(cigars, :bluemasters,  drinks, :beer)
            return [colors, nationalities, pets, drinks, cigars], i
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

class Symbol
  def humanize
    result = self.to_s
    result.gsub!('_', ' ')
    result.split(' ').collect{|part| part.capitalize }.join(' ')
  end
end

solution, attempts = solve

puts "\nSolved in #{attempts} attempts.\n\n"

for i in (0..4)
  number, color, nationality, cigar, drink, pet = i+1, solution[0][i], solution[1][i].humanize, solution[4][i].humanize, solution[3][i], solution[2][i]
  puts "House #{number} is #{color}. The owner is #{nationality}, smokes #{cigar}, drinks #{drink}, and keeps #{pet}."
end

puts "\n"

Uscite:

Solved in 37663 attempts.

House 1 is yellow. The owner is Norwegian, smokes Dunhill, drinks water, and keeps cats.
House 2 is blue. The owner is Danish, smokes Blends, drinks tea, and keeps horses.
House 3 is red. The owner is British, smokes Pall Mall, drinks milk, and keeps birds.
House 4 is green. The owner is German, smokes Prince, drinks coffee, and keeps fish.
House 5 is white. The owner is Swedish, smokes Bluemasters, drinks beer, and keeps dogs.

L'uso di shufflenella configurazione iniziale garantisce percorsi di soluzione unici ogni volta. Lo puoi vedere dal numero di tentativi che cambiano tra le esecuzioni. Ciò mitiga la necessità di inserire l'input separatamente, anche se alterare il codice per farlo sarebbe banale.