Il tuo compito è prendere questo numero come input (anche se dovrebbe funzionare anche con qualsiasi altro numero):

18349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957

e trova il periodo più piccolo, che è in questo caso:

1834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976

Buona fortuna e buon divertimento!

Chiarimenti :

• Il numero di input ha almeno un periodo e un periodo parziale
• Il periodo inizia sempre all'inizio del numero di input
• Periodo indica in questo caso una sequenza di numeri che si ripete.

CJam, 20 16 byte

Ll:Q{+_Q,*Q#!}=;

Legge da STDIN. Provalo online.

Il codice sopra richiede memoria O (n ² ) , dove n è la lunghezza dell'ingresso. Esso sarà lavorare con 2 ¹⁶ cifre, fino a quando si dispone di memoria sufficiente.

Questo può essere risolto il costo di cinque byte extra:

Ll:Q{+_Q,1$,/)*Q#!}=;

Esempio di esecuzione

$ cjam <(echo 'Ll:Q{+_Q,*Q#!}=;') <<< 18349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957; echo
1834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976
$ cjam <(echo 'Ll:Q{+_Q,*Q#!}=;') <<< 12345123451; echo
12345
$ cjam <(echo 'Ll:Q{+_Q,*Q#!}=;') <<< 1234512345; echo
12345
$ cjam <(echo 'Ll:Q{+_Q,*Q#!}=;') <<< 123451; echo
12345

Come funziona

Per l'input Q, l'idea è di ripetere il primo carattere len (Q) volte e verificare se l'indice di Q nel risultato è 0. In caso contrario, ripetere i primi due caratteri len (Q) volte, ecc.

L                   " Push L := [].                                                       ";
 l:Q                " Read one line from STDIN and save the result in Q.                  ";
    {        }=     " Find the first element q ∊ Q that yields a truthy value:            ";
     +              "   Execute L += [q].                                                 ";
      _Q,*Q#        "   Push (L * len(Q)).index(Q).                                       ";
            !       "   Compute the logical NOT of the index.                             ";
               ;    " Discard the last q. This leaves L on the stack.                     ";

Regex (sapore .NET), 23 22 byte

.+?(?=(.*$)(?<=^\1.*))

Ciò corrisponderà al periodo richiesto come sottostringa.

Provalo qui.

Come funziona?

# The regex will always find a match, so there's no need to anchor it to
# the beginning of the string - the match will start there anyway.
.+?        # Try matching periods from shortest to longest
(?=        # Lookahead to ensure that what we've matched is actually
           # a period. By using a lookahead, we ensure that this is
           # not part of the match.
  (.*$)    # Match and capture the remainder of the input in group 1.
  (?<=     # Use a lookahead to ensure that this remainder is the same
           # as the beginning of the input. .NET lookaheads are best
           # read from right to left (because that's how they are matched)
           # so you might want to read the next three lines from the 
           # bottom up.
    ^      # Make sure we can reach the beginning of the string.
    \1     # Match group 1.
    .*     # Skip some characters, because the capture won't cover the
           # entire string.
  )
)

Python 60

s è la stringa di cifre

[s[:i]for i in range(len(s))if(s[:i]*len(s))[:len(s)]==s][0]

per esempio:

>>> s = '18349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109761834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097618349570345710975183495703457109751834957'
>>> [s[:i]for i in range(len(s))if(s[:i]*len(s))[:len(s)]==s][0]
'1834957034571097518349570345710975183495703457109751834957034571097518349570345710976'

Pyth , 14 caratteri

hf}z*lzTm<zdUz

Spiegazione:

implicit:      z = input()
h              head(
 f                  filter(lambda T:
  }z                                z in
    *lz                                  len(z) * 
       T                                          T,
  m                        map(lambda d:
   <zd                                  z[:d],
   Uz                                   range(len(d)))))

In sostanza, genera tutte le sequenze iniziali dell'input, si ripete ciascuna una len(z)volta e vede se zl'input si trova all'interno della stringa risultante.

Questa non è una risposta valida, ma recentemente è stata aggiunta una funzionalità a Pyth, dopo che è stata posta la domanda, che consente una soluzione a 12 caratteri:

<zf}z*lz<zT1

Questo utilizza la funzione filtro su numero intero.

Japt , 8 byte

å+ æ@¶îX

Provalo

-2 byte grazie a Shaggy!

Spiegato JS spiegato:

// U is the input string representation of the number
U
 // cumulative reduce using the '+' operator
 // the result is an array of strings length 1, 2, ..., N
 // all substrings start with the first character from input
 .å("+")
 // find the first match
 .æ(function(X, Y, Z) {
  // repeat the substring until it is as long as the input
  // and compare it to the input
  return U === U.î(X)
 })

Java 8, 125 byte

Prende l'input come stringa poiché non esiste un modo ragionevole per rappresentare un numero di oltre 1000 cifre in Java diverso da una stringa (No BigInteger, per favore).

s->{String o="";for(int i=0;java.util.Arrays.stream(s.split(o+=s.charAt(i++))).filter(b->!b.isEmpty()).count()>1;);return o;}

Provalo online!