Puoi ottenere qualcosa di simile al CARDINALITY
suggerimento di Oracle usando strategicamente TOP
e una funzione definita dall'utente chiamata MANY()
sviluppata da Adam Machanic . Analizziamo alcuni esempi. Sto usando il database AdventureWorks disponibile gratuitamente. Supponiamo che abbia davvero bisogno di controllare il numero di righe restituite dalla th
tabella derivata nella seguente query:
SELECT
p.Name
, th.ProductId
, th.Quantity
, th.ActualCost
FROM Production.Product p
INNER JOIN (
SELECT ProductId, Quantity, ActualCost
FROM Production.TransactionHistory
) th ON p.ProductID = th.ProductID;
Come è, ottengo una stima di 113443 righe:
Se devo abbassare il preventivo, th
posso utilizzarlo TOP
insieme al OPTIMIZE FOR
suggerimento per impostare un obiettivo di riga. Ecco un modo per farlo:
DECLARE @row_goal BIGINT = 9223372036854775807;
SELECT
p.Name
, th.ProductId
, th.Quantity
, th.ActualCost
FROM Production.Product p
INNER JOIN (
SELECT TOP (@row_goal) ProductId, Quantity, ActualCost
FROM Production.TransactionHistory
) th ON p.ProductID = th.ProductID
OPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR (@row_goal = 1));
Possiamo vedere che il preventivo è solo 1 riga:
Ho impostato @row_goal
il BIGINT
valore più grande possibile per evitare di modificare i risultati. Il OPTIMIZE FOR
suggerimento per la query indica all'ottimizzatore di ottimizzare la query come se@row_goal
fosse uguale a 1. Otterrò gli stessi risultati ma la query verrà ottimizzata in modo diverso.
Aumentare una stima della cardinalità è più complicato. Non possiamo semplicemente aumentare il valore per TOP
perché l'ottimizzatore si renderà conto che non restituirà abbastanza righe. Tuttavia, possiamo usare la MANY()
funzione per aggiungere righe al preventivo. Si noti che la MANY()
funzione restituirà sempre 0 righe, ma la stima delle righe da essa cambia con il parametro di input. Supponiamo che sia necessario aumentare di 10 volte la stima delle righe dalla tabella derivata. Un modo per ottenere ciò:
SELECT
p.Name
, th.ProductId
, th.Quantity
, th.ActualCost
FROM Production.Product p
INNER JOIN (
SELECT TOP (9223372036854775807) ProductId, Quantity, ActualCost
FROM Production.TransactionHistory
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Many(10) AS m ON 1=1
) th ON p.ProductID = th.ProductID;
Possiamo vedere che la stima è 10 volte la tabella di base:
Il superfluo è TOP
stato aggiunto per impedire all'ottimizzatore di spostare le tabelle. Senza di essa ilMANY()
funzione può essere applicata nel punto sbagliato del piano.
È possibile combinare le due tecniche se si desidera una sopravvalutazione precisa anziché semplicemente moltiplicare il numero di righe per un fattore. Ad esempio, supponiamo che tu abbia davvero bisogno che la stima della tabella derivata sia esattamente 1000000 righe. Un modo per ottenere ciò:
DECLARE @row_goal BIGINT = 9223372036854775807;
SELECT
p.Name
, th.ProductId
, th.Quantity
, th.ActualCost
FROM Production.Product p
INNER JOIN (
SELECT TOP (@row_goal) ProductId, Quantity, ActualCost
FROM Production.TransactionHistory
LEFT OUTER JOIN dbo.Many(10) AS m ON
1=1
) th ON p.ProductID = th.ProductID
OPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR (@row_goal = 1000000));
Possiamo vedere che la stima è di 1000000 righe:
Devo avvertirti che si tratta di tecniche avanzate che spesso non sono necessarie per l'ottimizzazione delle query. Se vuoi saperne di più, ti consiglio di guardare gli obiettivi di Clash of the Row presentati da Adam Machanic.
dbo.Molti funzione
-- By Adam Machanic, reproduced with permission
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE name = 'Many' AND OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(object_id) = 'dbo')
DROP FUNCTION dbo.Many
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.Many(@n INT)
RETURNS TABLE AS
RETURN
(
WITH
a(x) AS
(
SELECT
*
FROM
(
VALUES
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
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(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1),
(1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1), (1)
) AS x0(x)
)
SELECT TOP(@n)
1 AS x
FROM
a AS a1,
a AS a2
WHERE
a1.x % 2 = 0
)
GO