Ho identificato 3 situazioni.
- Uno studente senza iscrizioni.
- Uno studente con iscrizioni ma senza voti.
- Uno studente con iscrizioni e voti.
C'è un trigger nella tabella delle iscrizioni per calcolare GPA. Se uno studente ha voti, aggiornerà o inserirà una voce nella tabella GPA; nessun voto, nessuna voce nella tabella GPA.
Posso eliminare uno studente senza iscrizioni (n. 1). Posso eliminare uno studente con iscrizioni e voti (n. 3 sopra). Ma non posso cancellare uno studente con iscrizioni ma senza voti (# 2). Ottengo una violazione del vincolo di riferimento.
L'istruzione DELETE è in conflitto con il vincolo REFERENCE "FK_dbo.GPA_dbo.Student_StudentID". Il conflitto si è verificato nel database "", tabella "dbo.GPA", colonna 'StudentID'.
Se non potessi cancellare un nuovo studente senza iscrizioni (e nessuna iscrizione GPA), comprenderei la violazione del vincolo, ma posso eliminare quello studente. È uno studente con iscrizioni e nessun voto (e ancora nessuna iscrizione GPA) che non posso cancellare.
Ho rattoppato il grilletto in modo da poter andare avanti. Ora, se hai iscrizioni, il trigger ti inserisce nella tabella GPA, non importa quale. Ma non capisco il problema di fondo. Qualsiasi spiegazione sarebbe molto apprezzata.
Per quello che vale:
- Visual Studio 2013 Professional.
- IIS express (interno a VS2013).
- Applicazione Web ASP.NET mediante EntityFramework 6.1.1.
- MS SQL Server 2014 Enterprise.
- GPA.Value è nullable.
- Enrollment.GradeID è nullable.
Ecco uno snippet del database:
- MODIFICA -
Le tabelle sono tutte create da EntityFramework, ho usato SQL Server Management Studio per produrle.
Ecco le istruzioni per la creazione della tabella con vincoli .:
GPA
tavolo:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[GPA](
[StudentID] [int] NOT NULL,
[Value] [float] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.GPA] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[StudentID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[GPA] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.GPA_dbo.Student_StudentID]
FOREIGN KEY([StudentID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Student] ([ID])
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[GPA]
CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.GPA_dbo.Student_StudentID]
Enrollment
tavolo:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment](
[EnrollmentID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[CourseID] [int] NOT NULL,
[StudentID] [int] NOT NULL,
[GradeID] [int] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Enrollment] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[EnrollmentID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Enrollment_dbo.Course_CourseID]
FOREIGN KEY([CourseID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Course] ([CourseID])
ON DELETE CASCADE
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment]
CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Enrollment_dbo.Course_CourseID]
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Enrollment_dbo.Grade_GradeID]
FOREIGN KEY([GradeID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Grade] ([GradeID])
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment]
CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Enrollment_dbo.Grade_GradeID]
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment] WITH CHECK
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Enrollment_dbo.Student_StudentID]
FOREIGN KEY([StudentID])
REFERENCES [dbo].[Student] ([ID])
ON DELETE CASCADE
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Enrollment]
CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Enrollment_dbo.Student_StudentID]
Student
tavolo:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Student](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[EnrollmentDate] [datetime] NOT NULL,
[LastName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
[FirstName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Student] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
Ecco i trigger :
CREATE TRIGGER UpdateGPAFromUpdateDelete
ON Enrollment
AFTER UPDATE, DELETE AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @UpdatedStudentID AS int
SELECT @UpdatedStudentID = StudentID FROM DELETED
EXEC MergeGPA @UpdatedStudentID
END
CREATE TRIGGER UpdateGPAFromInsert
ON Enrollment
AFTER INSERT AS
--DECLARE @InsertedGradeID AS int
--SELECT @InsertedGradeID = GradeID FROM INSERTED
--IF @InsertedGradeID IS NOT NULL
BEGIN
DECLARE @InsertedStudentID AS int
SELECT @InsertedStudentID = StudentID FROM INSERTED
EXEC MergeGPA @InsertedStudentID
END
La patch per andare avanti era commentare quelle righe nel AFTER INSERT
trigger.
Ecco la procedura memorizzata :
CREATE PROCEDURE MergeGPA @StudentID int AS
MERGE GPA AS TARGET
USING (SELECT @StudentID) as SOURCE (StudentID)
ON (TARGET.StudentID = SOURCE.StudentID)
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE
SET Value = (SELECT Value FROM GetGPA(@StudentID))
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (StudentID, Value)
VALUES(SOURCE.StudentID, (SELECT Value FROM GetGPA(@StudentID)));
Ecco la funzione del database :
CREATE FUNCTION GetGPA (@StudentID int)
RETURNS TABLE
AS RETURN
SELECT ROUND(SUM (StudentTotal.TotalCredits) / SUM (StudentTotal.Credits), 2) Value
FROM (
SELECT
CAST(Credits as float) Credits
, CAST(SUM(Value * Credits) as float) TotalCredits
FROM
Enrollment e
JOIN Course c ON c.CourseID = e.CourseID
JOIN Grade g ON e.GradeID = g.GradeID
WHERE
e.StudentID = @StudentID AND
e.GradeID IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY
StudentID
, Value
, e.courseID
, Credits
) StudentTotal
Ecco l'output di debug dal metodo di eliminazione del controller, l'istruzione select è il metodo che richiede cosa eliminare. Questo studente ha 3 iscrizioni, il REFERENCE
problema di vincolo si verifica quando viene eliminata la 3a iscrizione. Presumo che EF stia utilizzando una transazione perché le iscrizioni non vengono cancellate.
iisexpress.exe Information: 0 : Component:SQL Database;Method:SchoolInterceptor.ReaderExecuted;Timespan:00:00:00.0004945;Properties:
Command: SELECT
[Project2].[StudentID] AS [StudentID],
[Project2].[ID] AS [ID],
[Project2].[EnrollmentDate] AS [EnrollmentDate],
[Project2].[LastName] AS [LastName],
[Project2].[FirstName] AS [FirstName],
[Project2].[Value] AS [Value],
[Project2].[C1] AS [C1],
[Project2].[EnrollmentID] AS [EnrollmentID],
[Project2].[CourseID] AS [CourseID],
[Project2].[StudentID1] AS [StudentID1],
[Project2].[GradeID] AS [GradeID]
FROM ( SELECT
[Limit1].[ID] AS [ID],
[Limit1].[EnrollmentDate] AS [EnrollmentDate],
[Limit1].[LastName] AS [LastName],
[Limit1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName],
[Limit1].[StudentID] AS [StudentID],
[Limit1].[Value] AS [Value],
[Extent3].[EnrollmentID] AS [EnrollmentID],
[Extent3].[CourseID] AS [CourseID],
[Extent3].[StudentID] AS [StudentID1],
[Extent3].[GradeID] AS [GradeID],
CASE WHEN ([Extent3].[EnrollmentID] IS NULL) THEN CAST(NULL AS int) ELSE 1 END AS [C1]
FROM (SELECT TOP (2)
[Extent1].[ID] AS [ID],
[Extent1].[EnrollmentDate] AS [EnrollmentDate],
[Extent1].[LastName] AS [LastName],
[Extent1].[FirstName] AS [FirstName],
[Extent2].[StudentID] AS [StudentID],
[Extent2].[Value] AS [Value]
FROM [dbo].[Student] AS [Extent1]
LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[GPA] AS [Extent2] ON [Extent1].[ID] = [Extent2].[StudentID]
WHERE [Extent1].[ID] = @p__linq__0 ) AS [Limit1]
LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[Enrollment] AS [Extent3] ON [Limit1].[ID] = [Extent3].[StudentID]
) AS [Project2]
ORDER BY [Project2].[StudentID] ASC, [Project2].[ID] ASC, [Project2].[C1] ASC:
iisexpress.exe Information: 0 : Component:SQL Database;Method:SchoolInterceptor.NonQueryExecuted;Timespan:00:00:00.0012696;Properties:
Command: DELETE [dbo].[Enrollment]
WHERE ([EnrollmentID] = @0):
iisexpress.exe Information: 0 : Component:SQL Database;Method:SchoolInterceptor.NonQueryExecuted;Timespan:00:00:00.0002634;Properties:
Command: DELETE [dbo].[Enrollment]
WHERE ([EnrollmentID] = @0):
iisexpress.exe Information: 0 : Component:SQL Database;Method:SchoolInterceptor.NonQueryExecuted;Timespan:00:00:00.0002512;Properties:
Command: DELETE [dbo].[Enrollment]
WHERE ([EnrollmentID] = @0):
iisexpress.exe Error: 0 : Error executing command: DELETE [dbo].[Student]
WHERE ([ID] = @0) Exception: System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException (0x80131904): The DELETE statement conflicted with the REFERENCE constraint "FK_dbo.GPA_dbo.Student_StudentID". The conflict occurred in database "<databasename>", table "dbo.GPA", column 'StudentID'.
The statement has been terminated.