Ho un sacco di router e switch Cisco nei nostri edifici. Fondamentalmente, ogni edificio ha un router e uno o più switch. Uso solo due VLAN per ogni edificio: VLAN1 è la VLAN dati (anche nativa) e VLAN200 è la VLAN vocale. La VLAN di ogni switch è "connessa" a una sottointerfaccia sul rispettivo router dell'edificio (802.1q) e su ogni switch, la porta connessa alla sottointerfaccia del router è configurata come porta trunk, quindi abbiamo due adiacenze VLAN.
Il fatto è che, ho notato, gli switch con IOS 12.2, possono "scegliere" l'interfaccia VLAN corretta quando provo a raggiungere (ping) una sottorete remota. Tutti gli switch dispongono 192.168.X.0/24
di dati e 10.10.X.0 /24
voce, quindi se provo a eseguire il ping 192.168.1.2
, lo switch utilizza l'interfaccia VLAN ( 192.168.20.2
) come interfaccia di ping di origine e se provo a eseguire il ping di Call Manager ( 10.10.254.1
), lo switch utilizza l'interfaccia VLAN 10.10.248.2
come sorgente .
Gli switch con IOS 15 (nuovi), con la stessa configurazione e collegati allo stesso tipo di router (come gli switch con IOS 12.2), non utilizzano l'interfaccia VLAN corretta. Usano sempre l'interfaccia VLAN vocale (200 nel mio caso), quindi devo scegliere l'interfaccia sorgente se voglio aspettarmi una risposta dal dispositivo remoto (ovviamente a seconda della sottorete di destinazione remota). Comportamento strano dal momento che sto usando sostanzialmente la stessa configurazione ma in posti diversi. I nuovi switch usano il modello "dual-ipv4-and-ipv6" e quelli vecchi (12.2) usano il modello "desktop default". I computer dietro gli switch non hanno alcun problema di connettività perché il router instrada i pacchetti verso la destinazione corretta, ma perché gli switch non lo fanno? Qualche idea?
Non sono sicuro che i miei switch supportino il routing, sotto il risultato del comando "sh sdm prefer":
default Default bias
dual-ipv4-and-ipv6 Support both IPv4 and IPv6
lanbase-routing Supports both IPv4 and IPv6 Static Routing
qos QoS bias
Questa è la configurazione dello switch:
Current configuration : 9403 bytes
!
! Last configuration change at 00:09:28 UTC Mon Jun 27 2011 by admin
! NVRAM config last updated at 23:32:34 UTC Sun Jun 26 2011 by admin
!
version 15.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug datetime msec
service timestamps log datetime msec
no service password-encryption
!
!
boot-start-marker
boot-end-marker
!
enable secret 5 *Removed*
!
username admin privilege 15 secret 5 *Removed*
no aaa new-model
system mtu routing 1500
!
!
ip domain-name lvdomain.local
ip name-server 192.168.0.43
ip name-server 192.168.0.45
!
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 24 32 46 48 56
mls qos srr-queue input bandwidth 70 30
mls qos srr-queue input threshold 1 80 90
mls qos srr-queue input priority-queue 2 bandwidth 30
mls qos srr-queue input cos-map queue 1 threshold 2 3
mls qos srr-queue input cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue input cos-map queue 2 threshold 1 4
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 1 threshold 2 24
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 32 33 40 41 42 43 44 45
mls qos srr-queue input dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 46 47
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 1 threshold 3 4 5
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 1 2
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 2 3
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 2 threshold 3 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 3 threshold 3 0
mls qos srr-queue output cos-map queue 4 threshold 3 1
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 32 33 40 41 42 43 44 45
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 1 threshold 3 46 47
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 26 27 28 29 30 31 34 35
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 1 36 37 38 39
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 2 24
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 2 threshold 3 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 3 threshold 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 1 8 9 11 13 15
mls qos srr-queue output dscp-map queue 4 threshold 2 10 12 14
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 1 100 100 50 200
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 2 125 125 100 400
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 3 100 100 100 400
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 4 60 150 50 200
mls qos queue-set output 1 buffers 15 25 40 20
mls qos
!
crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-3287232768
enrollment selfsigned
subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-3287232768
revocation-check none
rsakeypair TP-self-signed-3287232768
!
!
crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-3287232768
certificate self-signed 01
*Removed*
quit
spanning-tree mode pvst
spanning-tree extend system-id
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
vlan internal allocation policy ascending
!
!
class-map match-all AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
match ip dscp ef
class-map match-all AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
match ip dscp cs3 af31
!
policy-map AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
class AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Trust
set dscp ef
police 1000000 8000 exceed-action policed-dscp-transmit
class AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Trust
set dscp cs3
police 1000000 8000 exceed-action policed-dscp-transmit
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/2
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/3
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/4
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/5
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/6
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/7
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/8
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/9
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/10
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/11
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface FastEthernet0/12
description *****IP PHONES and PC*****
switchport voice vlan 200
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
spanning-tree portfast
service-policy input AutoQoS-Police-CiscoPhone
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description *****Trunk to FRIAS.3580.1941*****
switchport mode trunk
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
description *****Trunk to FRIAS.3580.1941*****
switchport mode trunk
srr-queue bandwidth share 1 30 35 5
queue-set 2
priority-queue out
mls qos trust cos
auto qos trust
!
interface Vlan1
description *****3580 Data VLAN 1*****
ip address 192.168.26.2 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
!
interface Vlan200
description *****3580 Voice VLAN 200*****
ip address 10.10.253.2 255.255.255.0
no ip route-cache
!
ip http server
ip http authentication local
ip http secure-server
!
!
snmp-server community public RO
!
ipv6 access-list IPv6_In_Traffic_Shutdown
deny ipv6 any any
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
logging synchronous
login local
length 0
line vty 5 15
login
!
end
ip default-gateway
né un ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
comando in questa configurazione. Se esegui il ping dall'interruttore stesso, questo potrebbe essere il problema.