Come ottenere una password da uno script di shell senza fare eco

Ho uno script che automatizza un processo che richiede l'accesso a un sistema protetto da password. È possibile accedere al sistema tramite un programma da riga di comando che accetta la password dell'utente come argomento.

Vorrei chiedere all'utente di digitare la password, assegnarla a una variabile shell e quindi utilizzare quella variabile per costruire la riga di comando del programma di accesso (che ovviamente produrrà un flusso di output che elaborerò).

Sono un programmatore di shell ragionevolmente competente in Bourne / Bash, ma non so come accettare l'input dell'utente senza che abbia l'eco nel terminale (o forse che abbia l'eco utilizzando i caratteri '*').

Qualcuno può aiutare con questo?

Ecco un altro modo per farlo:

#!/bin/bash
# Read Password
echo -n Password: 
read -s password
echo
# Run Command
echo $password

La read -ssi spegne l'eco per voi. Sostituisci semplicemente echol'ultima riga con il comando che vuoi eseguire.

Una risposta conforme a POSIX. Notare l'uso di /bin/shinvece di /bin/bash. (Funziona con bash, ma non richiede bash.)

#!/bin/sh
stty -echo
printf "Password: "
read PASSWORD
stty echo
printf "\n"

Una fodera:

read -s -p "Password: " password

Sotto Linux (e cygwin) questo modulo funziona in bash e sh. Tuttavia, potrebbe non essere Unix sh standard.

Per maggiori informazioni e opzioni, in bash, digita "help read".

$ help read
read: read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-i text] [-n nchars] [-N nchars] [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-u fd] [name ...]
Read a line from the standard input and split it into fields.
  ...
  -p prompt output the string PROMPT without a trailing newline before
            attempting to read
  ...
  -s                do not echo input coming from a terminal

L' -sopzione di readnon è definita nello standard POSIX. Vedi http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/read.html . Volevo qualcosa che potesse funzionare per qualsiasi shell POSIX, quindi ho scritto una piccola funzione che usa sttyper disabilitare l'eco.

#!/bin/sh

# Read secret string
read_secret()
{
    # Disable echo.
    stty -echo

    # Set up trap to ensure echo is enabled before exiting if the script
    # is terminated while echo is disabled.
    trap 'stty echo' EXIT

    # Read secret.
    read "$@"

    # Enable echo.
    stty echo
    trap - EXIT

    # Print a newline because the newline entered by the user after
    # entering the passcode is not echoed. This ensures that the
    # next line of output begins at a new line.
    echo
}

Questa funzione si comporta in modo abbastanza simile al readcomando. Ecco un semplice utilizzo di readseguito da un uso simile di read_secret. L'ingresso a read_secretappare vuoto perché non è stato ripetuto nel terminale.

[susam@cube ~]$ read a b c
foo \bar baz \qux
[susam@cube ~]$ echo a=$a b=$b c=$c
a=foo b=bar c=baz qux
[susam@cube ~]$ unset a b c
[susam@cube ~]$ read_secret a b c

[susam@cube ~]$ echo a=$a b=$b c=$c
a=foo b=bar c=baz qux
[susam@cube ~]$ unset a b c

Ecco un altro che utilizza l' -ropzione per preservare le barre rovesciate nell'input. Questo funziona perché la read_secretfunzione sopra definita passa tutti gli argomenti che riceve al readcomando.

[susam@cube ~]$ read -r a b c
foo \bar baz \qux
[susam@cube ~]$ echo a=$a b=$b c=$c
a=foo b=\bar c=baz \qux
[susam@cube ~]$ unset a b c
[susam@cube ~]$ read_secret -r a b c

[susam@cube ~]$ echo a=$a b=$b c=$c
a=foo b=\bar c=baz \qux
[susam@cube ~]$ unset a b c

Infine, ecco un esempio che mostra come utilizzare la read_secretfunzione per leggere una password in modo conforme a POSIX.

printf "Password: "
read_secret password
# Do something with $password here ...

Ho trovato askpassutile il comando

password=$(/lib/cryptsetup/askpass "Give a password")

Ogni carattere di input è sostituito da *. Vedi: Dai una password ****

Spegnere echousando stty, quindi riaccendere dopo.

Puoi anche richiedere una password senza impostare una variabile nella shell corrente facendo qualcosa del genere:

$(read -s;echo $REPLY)

Per esempio:

my-command --set password=$(read -sp "Password: ";echo $REPLY)

È possibile aggiungere diversi di questi valori richiesti con l'interruzione di riga, facendo questo:

my-command --set user=$(read -sp "`echo $'\n '`User: ";echo $REPLY) --set password=$(read -sp "`echo $'\n '`Password: ";echo $REPLY)

Per chiunque abbia bisogno di richiedere una password, potresti essere interessato a utilizzare encpass.sh . Questo è uno script che ho scritto a scopi simili per catturare un segreto in fase di esecuzione e quindi crittografarlo per le occasioni successive. Le esecuzioni successive non richiedono la password poiché utilizzeranno semplicemente il valore crittografato dal disco.

Memorizza le password crittografate in una cartella nascosta nella home directory dell'utente o in una cartella personalizzata che è possibile definire tramite la variabile di ambiente ENCPASS_HOME_DIR. È progettato per essere conforme a POSIX e dispone di una licenza MIT, quindi può essere utilizzato anche in ambienti aziendali aziendali. La mia azienda, Plyint LLC , mantiene la sceneggiatura e rilascia occasionalmente aggiornamenti. Le richieste pull sono anche benvenute, se trovi un problema. :)

Per usarlo nei tuoi script è sufficiente source encpass.sh nel tuo script e chiamare la funzione get_secret. Sto includendo una copia dello script di seguito per una facile visibilità.

#!/bin/sh
################################################################################
# Copyright (c) 2020 Plyint, LLC <contact@plyint.com>. All Rights Reserved.
# This file is licensed under the MIT License (MIT). 
# Please see LICENSE.txt for more information.
# 
# DESCRIPTION: 
# This script allows a user to encrypt a password (or any other secret) at 
# runtime and then use it, decrypted, within a script.  This prevents shoulder 
# surfing passwords and avoids storing the password in plain text, which could 
# inadvertently be sent to or discovered by an individual at a later date.
#
# This script generates an AES 256 bit symmetric key for each script (or user-
# defined bucket) that stores secrets.  This key will then be used to encrypt 
# all secrets for that script or bucket.  encpass.sh sets up a directory 
# (.encpass) under the user's home directory where keys and secrets will be 
# stored.
#
# For further details, see README.md or run "./encpass ?" from the command line.
#
################################################################################

encpass_checks() {
    if [ -n "$ENCPASS_CHECKS" ]; then
        return
    fi

    if [ ! -x "$(command -v openssl)" ]; then
        echo "Error: OpenSSL is not installed or not accessible in the current path." \
            "Please install it and try again." >&2
        exit 1
    fi

    if [ -z "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR" ]; then
        ENCPASS_HOME_DIR=$(encpass_get_abs_filename ~)/.encpass
    fi

    if [ ! -d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR" ]; then
        mkdir -m 700 "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR"
        mkdir -m 700 "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys"
        mkdir -m 700 "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets"
    fi

    if [ "$(basename "$0")" != "encpass.sh" ]; then
        encpass_include_init "$1" "$2"
    fi

    ENCPASS_CHECKS=1
}

# Initializations performed when the script is included by another script
encpass_include_init() {
    if [ -n "$1" ] && [ -n "$2" ]; then
        ENCPASS_BUCKET=$1
        ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME=$2
    elif [ -n "$1" ]; then
        ENCPASS_BUCKET=$(basename "$0")
        ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME=$1
    else
        ENCPASS_BUCKET=$(basename "$0")
        ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME="password"
    fi
}

encpass_generate_private_key() {
    ENCPASS_KEY_DIR="$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/$ENCPASS_BUCKET"

    if [ ! -d "$ENCPASS_KEY_DIR" ]; then
        mkdir -m 700 "$ENCPASS_KEY_DIR"
    fi

    if [ ! -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_DIR/private.key" ]; then
        (umask 0377 && printf "%s" "$(openssl rand -hex 32)" >"$ENCPASS_KEY_DIR/private.key")
    fi
}

encpass_get_private_key_abs_name() {
    ENCPASS_PRIVATE_KEY_ABS_NAME="$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/$ENCPASS_BUCKET/private.key"

    if [ "$1" != "nogenerate" ]; then 
        if [ ! -f "$ENCPASS_PRIVATE_KEY_ABS_NAME" ]; then
            encpass_generate_private_key
        fi
    fi
}

encpass_get_secret_abs_name() {
    ENCPASS_SECRET_ABS_NAME="$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/$ENCPASS_BUCKET/$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME.enc"

    if [ "$3" != "nocreate" ]; then 
        if [ ! -f "$ENCPASS_SECRET_ABS_NAME" ]; then
            set_secret "$1" "$2"
        fi
    fi
}

get_secret() {
    encpass_checks "$1" "$2"
    encpass_get_private_key_abs_name
    encpass_get_secret_abs_name "$1" "$2"
    encpass_decrypt_secret
}

set_secret() {
    encpass_checks "$1" "$2"

    if [ "$3" != "reuse" ] || { [ -z "$ENCPASS_SECRET_INPUT" ] && [ -z "$ENCPASS_CSECRET_INPUT" ]; }; then
        echo "Enter $ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME:" >&2
        stty -echo
        read -r ENCPASS_SECRET_INPUT
        stty echo
        echo "Confirm $ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME:" >&2
        stty -echo
        read -r ENCPASS_CSECRET_INPUT
        stty echo
    fi

    if [ "$ENCPASS_SECRET_INPUT" = "$ENCPASS_CSECRET_INPUT" ]; then
        encpass_get_private_key_abs_name
        ENCPASS_SECRET_DIR="$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/$ENCPASS_BUCKET"

        if [ ! -d "$ENCPASS_SECRET_DIR" ]; then
            mkdir -m 700 "$ENCPASS_SECRET_DIR"
        fi

        printf "%s" "$(openssl rand -hex 16)" >"$ENCPASS_SECRET_DIR/$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME.enc"

        ENCPASS_OPENSSL_IV="$(cat "$ENCPASS_SECRET_DIR/$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME.enc")"

        echo "$ENCPASS_SECRET_INPUT" | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -e -a -iv \
            "$ENCPASS_OPENSSL_IV" -K \
            "$(cat "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/$ENCPASS_BUCKET/private.key")" 1>> \
                    "$ENCPASS_SECRET_DIR/$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME.enc"
    else
        echo "Error: secrets do not match.  Please try again." >&2
        exit 1
    fi
}

encpass_get_abs_filename() {
    # $1 : relative filename
    filename="$1"
    parentdir="$(dirname "${filename}")"

    if [ -d "${filename}" ]; then
        cd "${filename}" && pwd
    elif [ -d "${parentdir}" ]; then
        echo "$(cd "${parentdir}" && pwd)/$(basename "${filename}")"
    fi
}

encpass_decrypt_secret() {
    if [ -f "$ENCPASS_PRIVATE_KEY_ABS_NAME" ]; then
        ENCPASS_DECRYPT_RESULT="$(dd if="$ENCPASS_SECRET_ABS_NAME" ibs=1 skip=32 2> /dev/null | openssl enc -aes-256-cbc \
            -d -a -iv "$(head -c 32 "$ENCPASS_SECRET_ABS_NAME")" -K "$(cat "$ENCPASS_PRIVATE_KEY_ABS_NAME")" 2> /dev/null)"
        if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_DECRYPT_RESULT" ]; then
            echo "$ENCPASS_DECRYPT_RESULT"
        else
            # If a failed unlock command occurred and the user tries to show the secret
            # Present either locked or decrypt command
            if [ -f "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/$ENCPASS_BUCKET/private.lock" ]; then 
            echo "**Locked**"
            else
                # The locked file wasn't present as expected.  Let's display a failure
            echo "Error: Failed to decrypt"
            fi
        fi
    elif [ -f "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/$ENCPASS_BUCKET/private.lock" ]; then
        echo "**Locked**"
    else
        echo "Error: Unable to decrypt. The key file \"$ENCPASS_PRIVATE_KEY_ABS_NAME\" is not present."
    fi
}


##########################################################
# COMMAND LINE MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
# -------------------------------
# If you don't need to manage the secrets for the scripts
# with encpass.sh you can delete all code below this point
# in order to significantly reduce the size of encpass.sh.
# This is useful if you want to bundle encpass.sh with
# your existing scripts and just need the retrieval
# functions.
##########################################################

encpass_show_secret() {
    encpass_checks
    ENCPASS_BUCKET=$1

    encpass_get_private_key_abs_name "nogenerate"

    if [ ! -z "$2" ]; then
        ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME=$2
        encpass_get_secret_abs_name "$1" "$2" "nocreate"
        if [ -z "$ENCPASS_SECRET_ABS_NAME" ]; then
            echo "No secret named $2 found for bucket $1."
            exit 1
        fi

        encpass_decrypt_secret
    else
        ENCPASS_FILE_LIST=$(ls -1 "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR"/secrets/"$1")
        for ENCPASS_F in $ENCPASS_FILE_LIST; do
            ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME=$(basename "$ENCPASS_F" .enc)

            encpass_get_secret_abs_name "$1" "$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME" "nocreate"
            if [ -z "$ENCPASS_SECRET_ABS_NAME" ]; then
                echo "No secret named $ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME found for bucket $1."
                exit 1
            fi

            echo "$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME = $(encpass_decrypt_secret)"
        done
    fi
}

encpass_getche() {
        old=$(stty -g)
        stty raw min 1 time 0
        printf '%s' "$(dd bs=1 count=1 2>/dev/null)"
        stty "$old"
}

encpass_remove() {
    if [ ! -n "$ENCPASS_FORCE_REMOVE" ]; then
        if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_SECRET" ]; then
            printf "Are you sure you want to remove the secret \"%s\" from bucket \"%s\"? [y/N]" "$ENCPASS_SECRET" "$ENCPASS_BUCKET"
        else
            printf "Are you sure you want to remove the bucket \"%s?\" [y/N]" "$ENCPASS_BUCKET"
        fi

        ENCPASS_CONFIRM="$(encpass_getche)"
        printf "\n"
        if [ "$ENCPASS_CONFIRM" != "Y" ] && [ "$ENCPASS_CONFIRM" != "y" ]; then
            exit 0
        fi
    fi

    if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_SECRET" ]; then
        rm -f "$1"
        printf "Secret \"%s\" removed from bucket \"%s\".\n" "$ENCPASS_SECRET" "$ENCPASS_BUCKET"
    else
        rm -Rf "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/$ENCPASS_BUCKET"
        rm -Rf "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/$ENCPASS_BUCKET"
        printf "Bucket \"%s\" removed.\n" "$ENCPASS_BUCKET"
    fi
}

encpass_save_err() {
    if read -r x; then
        { printf "%s\n" "$x"; cat; } > "$1"
    elif [ "$x" != "" ]; then
        printf "%s" "$x" > "$1"
    fi
}

encpass_help() {
less << EOF
NAME:
    encpass.sh - Use encrypted passwords in shell scripts

DESCRIPTION: 
    A lightweight solution for using encrypted passwords in shell scripts 
    using OpenSSL. It allows a user to encrypt a password (or any other secret)
    at runtime and then use it, decrypted, within a script. This prevents
    shoulder surfing passwords and avoids storing the password in plain text, 
    within a script, which could inadvertently be sent to or discovered by an 
    individual at a later date.

    This script generates an AES 256 bit symmetric key for each script 
    (or user-defined bucket) that stores secrets. This key will then be used 
    to encrypt all secrets for that script or bucket.

    Subsequent calls to retrieve a secret will not prompt for a secret to be 
    entered as the file with the encrypted value already exists.

    Note: By default, encpass.sh sets up a directory (.encpass) under the 
    user's home directory where keys and secrets will be stored.  This directory
    can be overridden by setting the environment variable ENCPASS_HOME_DIR to a
    directory of your choice.

    ~/.encpass (or the directory specified by ENCPASS_HOME_DIR) will contain 
    the following subdirectories:
      - keys (Holds the private key for each script/bucket)
      - secrets (Holds the secrets stored for each script/bucket)

USAGE:
    To use the encpass.sh script in an existing shell script, source the script 
    and then call the get_secret function.

    Example:

        #!/bin/sh
        . encpass.sh
        password=\$(get_secret)

    When no arguments are passed to the get_secret function,
    then the bucket name is set to the name of the script and
    the secret name is set to "password".

    There are 2 other ways to call get_secret:

      Specify the secret name:
      Ex: \$(get_secret user)
        - bucket name = <script name>
        - secret name = "user"

      Specify both the secret name and bucket name:
      Ex: \$(get_secret personal user)
        - bucket name = "personal"
        - secret name = "user"

    encpass.sh also provides a command line interface to manage the secrets.
    To invoke a command, pass it as an argument to encpass.sh from the shell.

        $ encpass.sh [COMMAND]

    See the COMMANDS section below for a list of available commands.  Wildcard
    handling is implemented for secret and bucket names.  This enables
    performing operations like adding/removing a secret to/from multiple buckets
        at once.

COMMANDS:
    add [-f] <bucket> <secret>
        Add a secret to the specified bucket.  The bucket will be created
        if it does not already exist. If a secret with the same name already
        exists for the specified bucket, then the user will be prompted to
        confirm overwriting the value.  If the -f option is passed, then the
        add operation will perform a forceful overwrite of the value. (i.e. no
        prompt)

    list|ls [<bucket>]
        Display the names of the secrets held in the bucket.  If no bucket
        is specified, then the names of all existing buckets will be
        displayed.

    lock
        Locks all keys used by encpass.sh using a password.  The user
        will be prompted to enter a password and confirm it.  A user
        should take care to securely store the password.  If the password
        is lost then keys can not be unlocked.  When keys are locked,
        secrets can not be retrieved. (e.g. the output of the values
        in the "show" command will be encrypted/garbage)

    remove|rm [-f] <bucket> [<secret>]
        Remove a secret from the specified bucket.  If only a bucket is
        specified then the entire bucket (i.e. all secrets and keys) will
        be removed.  By default the user is asked to confirm the removal of
        the secret or the bucket.  If the -f option is passed then a 
        forceful removal will be performed.  (i.e. no prompt)

    show [<bucket>] [<secret>]
        Show the unencrypted value of the secret from the specified bucket.
        If no secret is specified then all secrets for the bucket are displayed.

    update <bucket> <secret>
        Updates a secret in the specified bucket.  This command is similar
        to using an "add -f" command, but it has a safety check to only 
        proceed if the specified secret exists.  If the secret, does not
        already exist, then an error will be reported. There is no forceable
        update implemented.  Use "add -f" for any required forceable update
        scenarios.

    unlock
        Unlocks all the keys for encpass.sh.  The user will be prompted to 
        enter the password and confirm it.

    dir
        Prints out the current value of the ENCPASS_HOME_DIR environment variable.

    help|--help|usage|--usage|?
        Display this help message.
EOF
}

# Subcommands for cli support
case "$1" in
    add )
        shift
        while getopts ":f" ENCPASS_OPTS; do
            case "$ENCPASS_OPTS" in
                f ) ENCPASS_FORCE_ADD=1;;
            esac
        done

        encpass_checks

        if [ -n "$ENCPASS_FORCE_ADD" ]; then
            shift $((OPTIND-1))
        fi

        if [ ! -z "$1" ] && [ ! -z "$2" ]; then
            # Allow globbing
            # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
            ENCPASS_ADD_LIST="$(ls -1d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$1"" 2>/dev/null)"
            if [ -z "$ENCPASS_ADD_LIST" ]; then
                ENCPASS_ADD_LIST="$1"
            fi

            for ENCPASS_ADD_F in $ENCPASS_ADD_LIST; do
                ENCPASS_ADD_DIR="$(basename "$ENCPASS_ADD_F")"
                ENCPASS_BUCKET="$ENCPASS_ADD_DIR"
                if [ ! -n "$ENCPASS_FORCE_ADD" ] && [ -f "$ENCPASS_ADD_F/$2.enc" ]; then
                    echo "Warning: A secret with the name \"$2\" already exists for bucket $ENCPASS_BUCKET."
                    echo "Would you like to overwrite the value? [y/N]"

                    ENCPASS_CONFIRM="$(encpass_getche)"
                    if [ "$ENCPASS_CONFIRM" != "Y" ] && [ "$ENCPASS_CONFIRM" != "y" ]; then
                        continue
                    fi
                fi

                ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME="$2"
                echo "Adding secret \"$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME\" to bucket \"$ENCPASS_BUCKET\"..."
                set_secret "$ENCPASS_BUCKET" "$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME" "reuse"
            done
        else
            echo "Error: A bucket name and secret name must be provided when adding a secret."
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;
    update )
        shift

        encpass_checks
        if [ ! -z "$1" ] && [ ! -z "$2" ]; then

            ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME="$2"
            # Allow globbing
            # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
            ENCPASS_UPDATE_LIST="$(ls -1d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$1"" 2>/dev/null)"

            for ENCPASS_UPDATE_F in $ENCPASS_UPDATE_LIST; do
                # Allow globbing
                # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
                if [ -f "$ENCPASS_UPDATE_F/"$2".enc" ]; then
                        ENCPASS_UPDATE_DIR="$(basename "$ENCPASS_UPDATE_F")"
                        ENCPASS_BUCKET="$ENCPASS_UPDATE_DIR"
                        echo "Updating secret \"$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME\" to bucket \"$ENCPASS_BUCKET\"..."
                        set_secret "$ENCPASS_BUCKET" "$ENCPASS_SECRET_NAME" "reuse"
                else
                    echo "Error: A secret with the name \"$2\" does not exist for bucket $1."
                    exit 1
                fi
            done
        else
            echo "Error: A bucket name and secret name must be provided when updating a secret."
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;
    rm|remove )
        shift
        encpass_checks

        while getopts ":f" ENCPASS_OPTS; do
            case "$ENCPASS_OPTS" in
                f ) ENCPASS_FORCE_REMOVE=1;;
            esac
        done

        if [ -n "$ENCPASS_FORCE_REMOVE" ]; then
            shift $((OPTIND-1))
        fi

        if [ -z "$1" ]; then 
            echo "Error: A bucket must be specified for removal."
        fi

        # Allow globbing
        # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
        ENCPASS_REMOVE_BKT_LIST="$(ls -1d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$1"" 2>/dev/null)"
        if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_REMOVE_BKT_LIST" ]; then
            for ENCPASS_REMOVE_B in $ENCPASS_REMOVE_BKT_LIST; do

                ENCPASS_BUCKET="$(basename "$ENCPASS_REMOVE_B")"
                if [ ! -z "$2" ]; then
                    # Removing secrets for a specified bucket
                    # Allow globbing
                    # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
                    ENCPASS_REMOVE_LIST="$(ls -1p "$ENCPASS_REMOVE_B/"$2".enc" 2>/dev/null)"

                    if [ -z "$ENCPASS_REMOVE_LIST" ]; then
                        echo "Error: No secrets found for $2 in bucket $ENCPASS_BUCKET."
                        exit 1
                    fi

                    for ENCPASS_REMOVE_F in $ENCPASS_REMOVE_LIST; do
                        ENCPASS_SECRET="$2"
                        encpass_remove "$ENCPASS_REMOVE_F"
                    done
                else
                    # Removing a specified bucket
                    encpass_remove
                fi

            done
        else
            echo "Error: The bucket named $1 does not exist."
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;
    show )
        shift
        encpass_checks
        if [ -z "$1" ]; then
            ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR="*"
        else
            ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR=$1
        fi

        if [ ! -z "$2" ]; then
            # Allow globbing
            # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
            if [ -f "$(encpass_get_abs_filename "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/$ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR/"$2".enc")" ]; then
                encpass_show_secret "$ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR" "$2"
            fi
        else
            # Allow globbing
            # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
            ENCPASS_SHOW_LIST="$(ls -1d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR"" 2>/dev/null)"

            if [ -z "$ENCPASS_SHOW_LIST" ]; then
                if [ "$ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR" = "*" ]; then
                    echo "Error: No buckets exist."
                else
                    echo "Error: Bucket $1 does not exist."
                fi
                exit 1
            fi

            for ENCPASS_SHOW_F in $ENCPASS_SHOW_LIST; do
                ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR="$(basename "$ENCPASS_SHOW_F")"
                echo "$ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR:"
                encpass_show_secret "$ENCPASS_SHOW_DIR"
                echo " "
            done
        fi
        ;;
    ls|list )
        shift
        encpass_checks
        if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
            # Allow globbing
            # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
            ENCPASS_FILE_LIST="$(ls -1p "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$1"" 2>/dev/null)"

            if [ -z "$ENCPASS_FILE_LIST" ]; then
                # Allow globbing
                # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
                ENCPASS_DIR_EXISTS="$(ls -d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$1"" 2>/dev/null)"
                if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_DIR_EXISTS" ]; then
                    echo "Bucket $1 is empty."
                else
                    echo "Error: Bucket $1 does not exist."
                fi
                exit 1
            fi

            ENCPASS_NL=""
            for ENCPASS_F in $ENCPASS_FILE_LIST; do
                if [ -d "${ENCPASS_F%:}" ]; then
                    printf "$ENCPASS_NL%s\n" "$(basename "$ENCPASS_F")"
                    ENCPASS_NL="\n"
                else
                    printf "%s\n" "$(basename "$ENCPASS_F" .enc)"
                fi
            done
        else
            # Allow globbing
            # shellcheck disable=SC2027,SC2086
            ENCPASS_BUCKET_LIST="$(ls -1p "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/secrets/"$1"" 2>/dev/null)"
            for ENCPASS_C in $ENCPASS_BUCKET_LIST; do
                if [ -d "${ENCPASS_C%:}" ]; then
                    printf "\n%s" "\n$(basename "$ENCPASS_C")"
                else
                    basename "$ENCPASS_C" .enc
                fi
            done
        fi
        ;;
    lock )
        shift
        encpass_checks

        echo "************************!!!WARNING!!!*************************" >&2
        echo "* You are about to lock your keys with a password.           *" >&2
        echo "* You will not be able to use your secrets again until you   *" >&2
        echo "* unlock the keys with the same password. It is important    *" >&2
        echo "* that you securely store the password, so you can recall it *" >&2
        echo "* in the future.  If you forget your password you will no    *" >&2
        echo "* longer be able to access your secrets.                     *" >&2
        echo "************************!!!WARNING!!!*************************" >&2

        printf "\n%s\n" "About to lock keys held in directory $ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/"

        printf "\nEnter Password to lock keys:" >&2
        stty -echo
        read -r ENCPASS_KEY_PASS
        printf "\nConfirm Password:" >&2
        read -r ENCPASS_CKEY_PASS
        printf "\n"
        stty echo

        if [ -z "$ENCPASS_KEY_PASS" ]; then
            echo "Error: You must supply a password value."
            exit 1
        fi

        if [ "$ENCPASS_KEY_PASS" = "$ENCPASS_CKEY_PASS" ]; then
            ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_LOCKED=0
            ENCPASS_KEYS_LIST="$(ls -1d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/"*"/" 2>/dev/null)"
            for ENCPASS_KEY_F in $ENCPASS_KEYS_LIST; do

                if [ -d "${ENCPASS_KEY_F%:}" ]; then
                    ENCPASS_KEY_NAME="$(basename "$ENCPASS_KEY_F")"
                    ENCPASS_KEY_VALUE=""
                    if [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key" ]; then
                        ENCPASS_KEY_VALUE="$(cat "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key")"
                        if [ ! -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" ]; then
                        echo "Locking key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME..."
                        else
                          echo "Error: The key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME appears to have been previously locked."
                            echo "       The current key file may hold a bad value. Exiting to avoid encrypting"
                            echo "       a bad value and overwriting the lock file."
                            exit 1
                        fi
                    else
                        echo "Error: Private key file ${ENCPASS_KEY_F}private.key missing for bucket $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME."
                        exit 1
                    fi
                    if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_KEY_VALUE" ]; then
                        openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -pbkdf2 -iter 10000 -salt -in "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key" -out "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" -k "$ENCPASS_KEY_PASS"
                        if [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key" ] && [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" ]; then
                            # Both the key and lock file exist.  We can remove the key file now
                            rm -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key"
                            echo "Locked key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME."
                            ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_LOCKED=$(( ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_LOCKED + 1 ))
                        else
                            echo "Error: The key fle and/or lock file were not found as expected for key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME."
                        fi
                    else
                        echo "Error: No key value found for the $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME key."
                        exit 1
                    fi
                fi
            done
            echo "Locked $ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_LOCKED keys."
        else
            echo "Error: Passwords do not match."
        fi
        ;;
    unlock )
        shift
        encpass_checks

        printf "%s\n" "About to unlock keys held in the $ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/ directory."

        printf "\nEnter Password to unlock keys: " >&2
        stty -echo
        read -r ENCPASS_KEY_PASS
        printf "\n"
        stty echo

        if [ ! -z "$ENCPASS_KEY_PASS" ]; then
            ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_UNLOCKED=0
            ENCPASS_KEYS_LIST="$(ls -1d "$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR/keys/"*"/" 2>/dev/null)"
            for ENCPASS_KEY_F in $ENCPASS_KEYS_LIST; do

                if [ -d "${ENCPASS_KEY_F%:}" ]; then
                    ENCPASS_KEY_NAME="$(basename "$ENCPASS_KEY_F")"
                    echo "Unlocking key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME..."
                    if [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key" ] && [ ! -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" ]; then
                        echo "Error: Key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME appears to be unlocked already."
                        exit 1
                    fi

                    if [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" ]; then
                        # Remove the failed file in case previous decryption attempts were unsuccessful
                        rm -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/failed" 2>/dev/null

                        # Decrypt key. Log any failure to the "failed" file.
                        openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d -pbkdf2 -iter 10000 -salt \
                            -in "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" -out "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key" \
                            -k "$ENCPASS_KEY_PASS" 2>&1 | encpass_save_err "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/failed"

                        if [ ! -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/failed" ]; then
                            # No failure has occurred.
                          if [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.key" ] && [ -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock" ]; then
                              # Both the key and lock file exist.  We can remove the lock file now.
                              rm -f "$ENCPASS_KEY_F/private.lock"
                              echo "Unlocked key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME."
                              ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_UNLOCKED=$(( ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_UNLOCKED + 1 ))
                          else
                              echo "Error: The key file and/or lock file were not found as expected for key $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME."
                          fi
                        else
                          printf "Error: Failed to unlock key %s.\n" "$ENCPASS_KEY_NAME"
                            printf "       Please view %sfailed for details.\n" "$ENCPASS_KEY_F"
                        fi
                    else
                        echo "Error: No lock file found for the $ENCPASS_KEY_NAME key."
                    fi
                fi
            done
            echo "Unlocked $ENCPASS_NUM_KEYS_UNLOCKED keys."
        else
            echo "No password entered."
        fi
        ;;
    dir )
        shift
        encpass_checks
        echo "ENCPASS_HOME_DIR=$ENCPASS_HOME_DIR"
        ;;
    help|--help|usage|--usage|\? )
        encpass_checks
        encpass_help
        ;;
    * )
        if [ ! -z "$1" ]; then
            echo "Command not recognized. See \"encpass.sh help\" for a list commands."
            exit 1
        fi
        ;;
esac

Questo collegamento è di aiuto nella definizione, * Come leggere la password dall'uso senza farla tornare al terminale * Come sostituire ogni carattere con * -character.

https://www.tutorialkart.com/bash-shell-scripting/bash-read-username-and-password/

Prima di tutto, se qualcuno memorizzerà una password in un file, mi assicurerei che sia hash. Non è la migliore sicurezza, ma almeno non sarà in chiaro.

1. Innanzitutto, crea la password e cancellala:

   echo "password123" | md5sum  | cut -d '-' -f 1 > /tmp/secret

2. Ora crea il tuo programma per usare l'hash. In questo caso, questo piccolo programma riceve l'input dell'utente per una password senza l'eco, quindi lo converte in hash per confrontarlo con l'hash memorizzato. Se corrisponde all'hash memorizzato, l'accesso è concesso:

   #!/bin/bash
   
   PASSWORD_FILE="/tmp/secret"
   MD5_HASH=$(cat /tmp/secret)
   PASSWORD_WRONG=1
   
   
   while [ $PASSWORD_WRONG -eq 1 ]
    do
       echo "Enter your password:"
       read -s ENTERED_PASSWORD
       if [ "$MD5_HASH" != "$(echo $ENTERED_PASSWORD | md5sum | cut -d '-' -f 1)" ]; then
           echo "Access Deniend: Incorrenct password!. Try again"
       else
           echo "Access Granted"
           PASSWORD_WRONG=0
       fi
   done