Ho letto Lavorare in modo efficace con Legacy Code e Clean Code con l'obiettivo di apprendere strategie su come iniziare a ripulire la base di codice esistente di una grande applicazione webforms ASP.NET.
Questo sistema esiste dal 2005 e da allora ha subito numerosi miglioramenti. Inizialmente il codice era strutturato come segue (ed è ancora ampiamente strutturato in questo modo):
- ASP.NET (aspx / ascx)
- Code-behind (c #)
- Livello di logica aziendale (c #)
- Livello di accesso ai dati (c #)
- Database (Oracle)
Il problema principale è che il codice è procedurale mascherato da orientato agli oggetti. Violi virtualmente tutte le linee guida descritte in entrambi i libri.
Questo è un esempio di una classe tipica nel livello della logica di business:
public class AddressBO
{
public TransferObject GetAddress(string addressID)
{
if (StringUtils.IsNull(addressID))
{
throw new ValidationException("Address ID must be entered");
}
AddressDAO addressDAO = new AddressDAO();
return addressDAO.GetAddress(addressID);
}
public TransferObject Insert(TransferObject addressDetails)
{
if (StringUtils.IsNull(addressDetails.GetString("EVENT_ID")) ||
StringUtils.IsNull(addressDetails.GetString("LOCALITY")) ||
StringUtils.IsNull(addressDetails.GetString("ADDRESS_TARGET")) ||
StringUtils.IsNull(addressDetails.GetString("ADDRESS_TYPE_CODE")) ||
StringUtils.IsNull(addressDetails.GetString("CREATED_BY")))
{
throw new ValidationException(
"You must enter an Event ID, Locality, Address Target, Address Type Code and Created By.");
}
string addressID = Sequence.GetNextValue("ADDRESS_ID_SEQ");
addressDetails.SetValue("ADDRESS_ID", addressID);
string syncID = Sequence.GetNextValue("SYNC_ID_SEQ");
addressDetails.SetValue("SYNC_ADDRESS_ID", syncID);
TransferObject syncDetails = new TransferObject();
Transaction transaction = new Transaction();
try
{
AddressDAO addressDAO = new AddressDAO();
addressDAO.Insert(addressDetails, transaction);
// insert the record for the target
TransferObject addressTargetDetails = new TransferObject();
switch (addressDetails.GetString("ADDRESS_TARGET"))
{
case "PARTY_ADDRESSES":
{
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("ADDRESS_ID", addressID);
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("ADDRESS_TYPE_CODE",
addressDetails.GetString("ADDRESS_TYPE_CODE"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("PARTY_ID", addressDetails.GetString("PARTY_ID"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("EVENT_ID", addressDetails.GetString("EVENT_ID"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("CREATED_BY", addressDetails.GetString("CREATED_BY"));
addressDAO.InsertPartyAddress(addressTargetDetails, transaction);
break;
}
case "PARTY_CONTACT_ADDRESSES":
{
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("ADDRESS_ID", addressID);
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("ADDRESS_TYPE_CODE",
addressDetails.GetString("ADDRESS_TYPE_CODE"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("PUBLIC_RELEASE_FLAG",
addressDetails.GetString("PUBLIC_RELEASE_FLAG"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("CONTACT_ID", addressDetails.GetString("CONTACT_ID"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("EVENT_ID", addressDetails.GetString("EVENT_ID"));
addressTargetDetails.SetValue("CREATED_BY", addressDetails.GetString("CREATED_BY"));
addressDAO.InsertContactAddress(addressTargetDetails, transaction);
break;
}
<< many more cases here >>
default:
{
break;
}
}
// synchronise
SynchronisationBO synchronisationBO = new SynchronisationBO();
syncDetails = synchronisationBO.Synchronise("I", transaction,
"ADDRESSES", addressDetails.GetString("ADDRESS_TARGET"),
addressDetails, addressTargetDetails);
// commit
transaction.Commit();
}
catch (Exception)
{
transaction.Rollback();
throw;
}
return new TransferObject("ADDRESS_ID", addressID, "SYNC_DETAILS", syncDetails);
}
<< many more methods are here >>
}
Ha molte duplicazioni, la classe ha una serie di responsabilità, ecc. Ecc. - È generalmente un codice "non pulito".
Tutto il codice in tutto il sistema dipende da implementazioni concrete.
Questo è un esempio di una classe tipica nel livello di accesso ai dati:
public class AddressDAO : GenericDAO
{
public static readonly string BASE_SQL_ADDRESSES =
"SELECT " +
" a.address_id, " +
" a.event_id, " +
" a.flat_unit_type_code, " +
" fut.description as flat_unit_description, " +
" a.flat_unit_num, " +
" a.floor_level_code, " +
" fl.description as floor_level_description, " +
" a.floor_level_num, " +
" a.building_name, " +
" a.lot_number, " +
" a.street_number, " +
" a.street_name, " +
" a.street_type_code, " +
" st.description as street_type_description, " +
" a.street_suffix_code, " +
" ss.description as street_suffix_description, " +
" a.postal_delivery_type_code, " +
" pdt.description as postal_delivery_description, " +
" a.postal_delivery_num, " +
" a.locality, " +
" a.state_code, " +
" s.description as state_description, " +
" a.postcode, " +
" a.country, " +
" a.lock_num, " +
" a.created_by, " +
" TO_CHAR(a.created_datetime, '" + SQL_DATETIME_FORMAT + "') as created_datetime, " +
" a.last_updated_by, " +
" TO_CHAR(a.last_updated_datetime, '" + SQL_DATETIME_FORMAT + "') as last_updated_datetime, " +
" a.sync_address_id, " +
" a.lat," +
" a.lon, " +
" a.validation_confidence, " +
" a.validation_quality, " +
" a.validation_status " +
"FROM ADDRESSES a, FLAT_UNIT_TYPES fut, FLOOR_LEVELS fl, STREET_TYPES st, " +
" STREET_SUFFIXES ss, POSTAL_DELIVERY_TYPES pdt, STATES s " +
"WHERE a.flat_unit_type_code = fut.flat_unit_type_code(+) " +
"AND a.floor_level_code = fl.floor_level_code(+) " +
"AND a.street_type_code = st.street_type_code(+) " +
"AND a.street_suffix_code = ss.street_suffix_code(+) " +
"AND a.postal_delivery_type_code = pdt.postal_delivery_type_code(+) " +
"AND a.state_code = s.state_code(+) ";
public TransferObject GetAddress(string addressID)
{
//Build the SELECT Statement
StringBuilder selectStatement = new StringBuilder(BASE_SQL_ADDRESSES);
//Add WHERE condition
selectStatement.Append(" AND a.address_id = :addressID");
ArrayList parameters = new ArrayList{DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("addressID", OracleDbType.Decimal, addressID)};
// Execute the SELECT statement
Query query = new Query();
DataSet results = query.Execute(selectStatement.ToString(), parameters);
// Check if 0 or more than one rows returned
if (results.Tables[0].Rows.Count == 0)
{
throw new NoDataFoundException();
}
if (results.Tables[0].Rows.Count > 1)
{
throw new TooManyRowsException();
}
// Return a TransferObject containing the values
return new TransferObject(results);
}
public void Insert(TransferObject insertValues, Transaction transaction)
{
// Store Values
string addressID = insertValues.GetString("ADDRESS_ID");
string syncAddressID = insertValues.GetString("SYNC_ADDRESS_ID");
string eventID = insertValues.GetString("EVENT_ID");
string createdBy = insertValues.GetString("CREATED_BY");
// postal delivery
string postalDeliveryTypeCode = insertValues.GetString("POSTAL_DELIVERY_TYPE_CODE");
string postalDeliveryNum = insertValues.GetString("POSTAL_DELIVERY_NUM");
// unit/building
string flatUnitTypeCode = insertValues.GetString("FLAT_UNIT_TYPE_CODE");
string flatUnitNum = insertValues.GetString("FLAT_UNIT_NUM");
string floorLevelCode = insertValues.GetString("FLOOR_LEVEL_CODE");
string floorLevelNum = insertValues.GetString("FLOOR_LEVEL_NUM");
string buildingName = insertValues.GetString("BUILDING_NAME");
// street
string lotNumber = insertValues.GetString("LOT_NUMBER");
string streetNumber = insertValues.GetString("STREET_NUMBER");
string streetName = insertValues.GetString("STREET_NAME");
string streetTypeCode = insertValues.GetString("STREET_TYPE_CODE");
string streetSuffixCode = insertValues.GetString("STREET_SUFFIX_CODE");
// locality/state/postcode/country
string locality = insertValues.GetString("LOCALITY");
string stateCode = insertValues.GetString("STATE_CODE");
string postcode = insertValues.GetString("POSTCODE");
string country = insertValues.GetString("COUNTRY");
// esms address
string esmsAddress = insertValues.GetString("ESMS_ADDRESS");
//address/GPS
string lat = insertValues.GetString("LAT");
string lon = insertValues.GetString("LON");
string zoom = insertValues.GetString("ZOOM");
//string validateDate = insertValues.GetString("VALIDATED_DATE");
string validatedBy = insertValues.GetString("VALIDATED_BY");
string confidence = insertValues.GetString("VALIDATION_CONFIDENCE");
string status = insertValues.GetString("VALIDATION_STATUS");
string quality = insertValues.GetString("VALIDATION_QUALITY");
// the insert statement
StringBuilder insertStatement = new StringBuilder("INSERT INTO ADDRESSES (");
StringBuilder valuesStatement = new StringBuilder("VALUES (");
ArrayList parameters = new ArrayList();
// build the insert statement
insertStatement.Append("ADDRESS_ID, EVENT_ID, CREATED_BY, CREATED_DATETIME, LOCK_NUM ");
valuesStatement.Append(":addressID, :eventID, :createdBy, SYSDATE, 1 ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("addressID", OracleDbType.Decimal, addressID));
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("eventID", OracleDbType.Decimal, eventID));
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("createdBy", OracleDbType.Varchar2, createdBy));
// build the insert statement
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(syncAddressID))
{
insertStatement.Append(", SYNC_ADDRESS_ID");
valuesStatement.Append(", :syncAddressID");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("syncAddressID", OracleDbType.Decimal, syncAddressID));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(postalDeliveryTypeCode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", POSTAL_DELIVERY_TYPE_CODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :postalDeliveryTypeCode ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("postalDeliveryTypeCode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, postalDeliveryTypeCode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(postalDeliveryNum))
{
insertStatement.Append(", POSTAL_DELIVERY_NUM");
valuesStatement.Append(", :postalDeliveryNum ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("postalDeliveryNum", OracleDbType.Varchar2, postalDeliveryNum));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(flatUnitTypeCode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", FLAT_UNIT_TYPE_CODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :flatUnitTypeCode ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("flatUnitTypeCode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, flatUnitTypeCode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(lat))
{
insertStatement.Append(", LAT");
valuesStatement.Append(", :lat ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("lat", OracleDbType.Decimal, lat));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(lon))
{
insertStatement.Append(", LON");
valuesStatement.Append(", :lon ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("lon", OracleDbType.Decimal, lon));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(zoom))
{
insertStatement.Append(", ZOOM");
valuesStatement.Append(", :zoom ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("zoom", OracleDbType.Decimal, zoom));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(flatUnitNum))
{
insertStatement.Append(", FLAT_UNIT_NUM");
valuesStatement.Append(", :flatUnitNum ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("flatUnitNum", OracleDbType.Varchar2, flatUnitNum));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(floorLevelCode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", FLOOR_LEVEL_CODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :floorLevelCode ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("floorLevelCode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, floorLevelCode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(floorLevelNum))
{
insertStatement.Append(", FLOOR_LEVEL_NUM");
valuesStatement.Append(", :floorLevelNum ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("floorLevelNum", OracleDbType.Varchar2, floorLevelNum));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(buildingName))
{
insertStatement.Append(", BUILDING_NAME");
valuesStatement.Append(", :buildingName ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("buildingName", OracleDbType.Varchar2, buildingName));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(lotNumber))
{
insertStatement.Append(", LOT_NUMBER");
valuesStatement.Append(", :lotNumber ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("lotNumber", OracleDbType.Varchar2, lotNumber));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(streetNumber))
{
insertStatement.Append(", STREET_NUMBER");
valuesStatement.Append(", :streetNumber ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("streetNumber", OracleDbType.Varchar2, streetNumber));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(streetName))
{
insertStatement.Append(", STREET_NAME");
valuesStatement.Append(", :streetName ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("streetName", OracleDbType.Varchar2, streetName));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(streetTypeCode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", STREET_TYPE_CODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :streetTypeCode ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("streetTypeCode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, streetTypeCode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(streetSuffixCode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", STREET_SUFFIX_CODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :streetSuffixCode ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("streetSuffixCode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, streetSuffixCode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(locality))
{
insertStatement.Append(", LOCALITY");
valuesStatement.Append(", :locality");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("locality", OracleDbType.Varchar2, locality));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(stateCode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", STATE_CODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :stateCode");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("stateCode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, stateCode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(postcode))
{
insertStatement.Append(", POSTCODE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :postcode ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("postcode", OracleDbType.Varchar2, postcode));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(country))
{
insertStatement.Append(", COUNTRY");
valuesStatement.Append(", :country ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("country", OracleDbType.Varchar2, country));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(esmsAddress))
{
insertStatement.Append(", ESMS_ADDRESS");
valuesStatement.Append(", :esmsAddress ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("esmsAddress", OracleDbType.Varchar2, esmsAddress));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(validatedBy))
{
insertStatement.Append(", VALIDATED_DATE");
valuesStatement.Append(", SYSDATE ");
insertStatement.Append(", VALIDATED_BY");
valuesStatement.Append(", :validatedBy ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("validatedBy", OracleDbType.Varchar2, validatedBy));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(confidence))
{
insertStatement.Append(", VALIDATION_CONFIDENCE");
valuesStatement.Append(", :confidence ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("confidence", OracleDbType.Decimal, confidence));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(status))
{
insertStatement.Append(", VALIDATION_STATUS");
valuesStatement.Append(", :status ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("status", OracleDbType.Varchar2, status));
}
if (!StringUtils.IsNull(quality))
{
insertStatement.Append(", VALIDATION_QUALITY");
valuesStatement.Append(", :quality ");
parameters.Add(DBUtils.CreateOracleParameter("quality", OracleDbType.Decimal, quality));
}
// finish off the statement
insertStatement.Append(") ");
valuesStatement.Append(")");
// build the insert statement
string sql = insertStatement + valuesStatement.ToString();
// Execute the INSERT Statement
Dml dmlDAO = new Dml();
int rowsAffected = dmlDAO.Execute(sql, transaction, parameters);
if (rowsAffected == 0)
{
throw new NoRowsAffectedException();
}
}
<< many more methods go here >>
}
Questo sistema è stato sviluppato da me e da un piccolo team nel 2005 dopo un corso .NET di 1 settimana. Prima della mia esperienza era in applicazioni client-server. Negli ultimi 5 anni sono arrivato a riconoscere i vantaggi del testing di unità automatizzato, test di integrazione automatizzati e test di accettazione automatizzati (usando Selenium o equivalente), ma l'attuale base di codice sembra impossibile introdurre questi concetti.
Ora stiamo iniziando a lavorare su un importante progetto di miglioramento con tempi ristretti. Il team è composto da 5 sviluppatori .NET - 2 sviluppatori con alcuni anni di esperienza .NET e altri 3 con esperienza .NET scarsa o nulla. Nessuno del team (incluso me stesso) ha esperienza nell'uso di .NET unit test o di mocking framework.
Quale strategia useresti per rendere questo codice più pulito, più orientato agli oggetti, testabile e gestibile?