Sto eseguendo Debian Squeeze (x64):
# uname -srvmo
Linux 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Mon Jan 16 16:22:28 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Ho 2 stick compatibili da 2 GB di DDR2 nella mia scheda madre G31M-S . Supporta fino a 8 GB:
Dato che questo è un server, non mi interessa molto la grafica. Quindi l'ho impostato sul più basso.
Internal Graphics Mode Select: Auto
Enabled, 1MB <--
Enabled, 8MB
DVMT Mode Select: Fixed Mode <--
Auto
DVMT/FIXED Memory: 128MB <--
256MB
Tuttavia, Linux rileva solo 3,19GiB di memoria:
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 3350712 kB
...
Guardando la mappa E820 :
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000e6000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000cfdb0000 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000cfdb0000 - 00000000cfdc0000 (ACPI data)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000cfdc0000 - 00000000cfdf0000 (ACPI NVS)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000cfdf0000 - 00000000cfe00000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fed00000 - 00000000fed00400 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000ff380000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] DMI present.
[ 0.000000] AMI BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it.
[ 0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
E facendo un po 'di matematica:
>>> ((0x9F800 - 0x10000) + (0xCF6B0000 - 0x100000)) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0
3.240476608276367
Abbiamo quasi la stessa risposta.
Cosa mi sto perdendo?
Non sto comprando completamente l'argomento "PCI address space". Prendendo uno dei due 2GB sporgenti, la schermata di configurazione mostra 2048 MB.
# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 2058432 kB
Sono 1,96 GB.
Mappa E820 di nuovo:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000e6000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000007fdb0000 (usable)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007fdb0000 - 000000007fdc0000 (ACPI data)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007fdc0000 - 000000007fdf0000 (ACPI NVS)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 000000007fdf0000 - 000000007fe00000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fed00000 - 00000000fed00400 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] BIOS-e820: 00000000ff380000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[ 0.000000] DMI present.
[ 0.000000] AMI BIOS detected: BIOS may corrupt low RAM, working around it.
[ 0.000000] e820 update range: 0000000000000000 - 0000000000010000 (usable) ==> (reserved)
E la matematica ...
>>> ((0x9F800 - 0x10000) + (0x7fdb0000 - 0x100000)) / 1024.0 / 1024.0 / 1024.0
1.9973125457763672
Quindi ho ottenuto 2 GB / 2 GB. /proc/cpuinfo
mostra che il mio processore supporta l'indirizzamento fisico a 36 bit. 2 ^ 36 = 64 GB, a cui non sono nemmeno vicino.
# ./smem -R 4G -w
Area Used Cache Noncache
firmware/hardware 843592 0 843592
kernel image 0 0 0
kernel dynamic memory 181116 134616 46500
userspace memory 287784 19736 268048
free memory 2881812 2881812 0