Puoi usare rsync.
Listing one: make_snapshot.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# mikes handy rotating-filesystem-snapshot utility
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# this needs to be a lot more general, but the basic idea is it makes
# rotating backup-snapshots of /home whenever called
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
unset PATH # suggestion from H. Milz: avoid accidental use of $PATH
# ------------- system commands used by this script --------------------
ID=/usr/bin/id;
ECHO=/bin/echo;
MOUNT=/bin/mount;
RM=/bin/rm;
MV=/bin/mv;
CP=/bin/cp;
TOUCH=/bin/touch;
RSYNC=/usr/bin/rsync;
# ------------- file locations -----------------------------------------
MOUNT_DEVICE=/dev/hdb1;
SNAPSHOT_RW=/root/snapshot;
EXCLUDES=/usr/local/etc/backup_exclude;
# ------------- the script itself --------------------------------------
# make sure we're running as root
if (( `$ID -u` != 0 )); then { $ECHO "Sorry, must be root. Exiting..."; exit; } fi
# attempt to remount the RW mount point as RW; else abort
$MOUNT -o remount,rw $MOUNT_DEVICE $SNAPSHOT_RW ;
if (( $? )); then
{
$ECHO "snapshot: could not remount $SNAPSHOT_RW readwrite";
exit;
}
fi;
# rotating snapshots of /home (fixme: this should be more general)
# step 1: delete the oldest snapshot, if it exists:
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.3 ] ; then \
$RM -rf $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.3 ; \
fi ;
# step 2: shift the middle snapshots(s) back by one, if they exist
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.2 ] ; then \
$MV $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.2 $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.3 ; \
fi;
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.1 ] ; then \
$MV $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.1 $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.2 ; \
fi;
# step 3: make a hard-link-only (except for dirs) copy of the latest snapshot,
# if that exists
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.0 ] ; then \
$CP -al $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.0 $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.1 ; \
fi;
# step 4: rsync from the system into the latest snapshot (notice that
# rsync behaves like cp --remove-destination by default, so the destination
# is unlinked first. If it were not so, this would copy over the other
# snapshot(s) too!
$RSYNC \
-va --delete --delete-excluded \
--exclude-from="$EXCLUDES" \
/home/ $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.0 ;
# step 5: update the mtime of hourly.0 to reflect the snapshot time
$TOUCH $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.0 ;
# and thats it for home.
# now remount the RW snapshot mountpoint as readonly
$MOUNT -o remount,ro $MOUNT_DEVICE $SNAPSHOT_RW ;
if (( $? )); then
{
$ECHO "snapshot: could not remount $SNAPSHOT_RW readonly";
exit;
} fi;
e il secondo:
Listing two: daily_snapshot_rotate.sh
#!/bin/bash
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# mikes handy rotating-filesystem-snapshot utility: daily snapshots
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# intended to be run daily as a cron job when hourly.3 contains the
# midnight (or whenever you want) snapshot; say, 13:00 for 4-hour snapshots.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
unset PATH
# ------------- system commands used by this script --------------------
ID=/usr/bin/id;
ECHO=/bin/echo;
MOUNT=/bin/mount;
RM=/bin/rm;
MV=/bin/mv;
CP=/bin/cp;
# ------------- file locations -----------------------------------------
MOUNT_DEVICE=/dev/hdb1;
SNAPSHOT_RW=/root/snapshot;
# ------------- the script itself --------------------------------------
# make sure we're running as root
if (( `$ID -u` != 0 )); then { $ECHO "Sorry, must be root. Exiting..."; exit; } fi
# attempt to remount the RW mount point as RW; else abort
$MOUNT -o remount,rw $MOUNT_DEVICE $SNAPSHOT_RW ;
if (( $? )); then
{
$ECHO "snapshot: could not remount $SNAPSHOT_RW readwrite";
exit;
}
fi;
# step 1: delete the oldest snapshot, if it exists:
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.2 ] ; then \
$RM -rf $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.2 ; \
fi ;
# step 2: shift the middle snapshots(s) back by one, if they exist
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.1 ] ; then \
$MV $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.1 $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.2 ; \
fi;
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.0 ] ; then \
$MV $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.0 $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.1; \
fi;
# step 3: make a hard-link-only (except for dirs) copy of
# hourly.3, assuming that exists, into daily.0
if [ -d $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.3 ] ; then \
$CP -al $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/hourly.3 $SNAPSHOT_RW/home/daily.0 ; \
fi;
# note: do *not* update the mtime of daily.0; it will reflect
# when hourly.3 was made, which should be correct.
# now remount the RW snapshot mountpoint as readonly
$MOUNT -o remount,ro $MOUNT_DEVICE $SNAPSHOT_RW ;
if (( $? )); then
{
$ECHO "snapshot: could not remount $SNAPSHOT_RW readonly";
exit;
} fi;
Dopo aver creato lo script per le tue esigenze aggiungilo ai cron job.
crontab -e
aggiungere quanto segue:
0 * / 4 * * * /usr/local/bin/make_snapshot.sh
0 13 * * * /usr/local/bin/daily_snapshot_rotate.sh
Fanno eseguire make_snapshot.sh ogni quattro ore ogni ora e daily_snapshot_rotate.sh da eseguire ogni giorno alle 13:00 (ovvero alle 13:00).
fonte: http://www.mikerubel.org/computers/rsync_snapshots/
* * * * * command to be executed
- - - - -
| | | | |
| | | | ----- Day of week (0 - 7) (Sunday=0 or 7)
| | | ------- Month (1 - 12)
| | --------- Day of month (1 - 31)
| ----------- Hour (0 - 23)
------------- Minute (0 - 59)
Se vuoi che funzioni ogni ora, aggiungi un processo cron per ogni ora.
Un'altra possibile opzione sta usando rsnapshot
Installa rsnapshot (disponibile nel centro software)
Configurare rsnapshot e specificare la directory di origine del backup
Aprire /etc/rsnapshot.conf e rimuovere il commento dalle seguenti righe.
# nano /etc/rsnapshot.conf
cmd_cp /bin/cp
cmd_ssh /usr/bin/ssh
cmd_du /usr/bin/du
cmd_rsnapshot_diff /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot-diff
logfile /var/log/rsnapshot
Definire le directory di backup di destinazione in /etc/rsnapshot.conf come mostrato di seguito. In questo esempio,
/ home - directory di origine di cui eseguire il backup localhost / - directory di destinazione in cui verrà archiviato il backup. Nota che questa directory verrà creata nella directory /.snapshots/{internal.n}/ come mostrato nell'ultimo passaggio.
nano /etc/rsnapshot.conf
backup / home / localhost /
Test della configurazione di rsnapshot
Eseguire il test di configurazione per assicurarsi che rsnapshot sia configurato correttamente e pronto per eseguire il backup di rsync di Linux.
# rsnapshot configtest
Syntax OK
- Verificare la configurazione del backup orario di rsnapshot
È possibile eseguire il backup di directory o file Linux a vari intervalli. Per impostazione predefinita, i backup orari e giornalieri sono configurati.
Verificare la configurazione oraria del backup.
# rsnapshot -t hourly
echo 6490 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid
mkdir -m 0700 -p /.snapshots/
mkdir -m 0755 -p /.snapshots/hourly.0/
/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded /home \
/.snapshots/hourly.0/localhost/
mkdir -m 0755 -p /.snapshots/hourly.0/
/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded /etc \
/.snapshots/hourly.0/localhost/
mkdir -m 0755 -p /.snapshots/hourly.0/
/usr/bin/rsync -a --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded \
/usr/local /.snapshots/hourly.0/localhost/
touch /.snapshots/hourly.0/
- Verificare la configurazione del backup giornaliero rsnapshot
Verificare che il processo di backup cwrsync rsnapshot giornaliero sia configurato correttamente.
# rsnapshot -t daily
echo 6493 > /var/run/rsnapshot.pid
mkdir -m 0700 -p /.snapshots/
/.snapshots/hourly.5 not present (yet), nothing to copy
- Aggiungi voce Crontab per rsnapshot
Dopo aver verificato che le configurazioni di backup orarie e giornaliere di rsync sono state impostate correttamente nell'utility cswrsync rsnapshot, è tempo di impostare questo cucciolo nel crontab come mostrato di seguito.
# crontab -e
0 */4 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot hourly
30 23 * * * /usr/local/bin/rsnapshot daily
fonte: http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2009/08/tutorial-backup-linux-using-rsnapshot-rsync-utility/
---- Ripristino bare metal
Userei dd e tar per eseguire il ripristino baremetal.
Backup di metadati importanti:
# dd if-/dev/hda of=/backups/mbr bs=512 count=1
Eseguire il backup del sistema operativo:
# mkdir /backups
# mount nfsserver:/backups/<servername> /backups
# cd /
# tar cfz /backups/system.tar.gz --exclude /mnt --exclude /proc --exclude /backups
Personalmente tenderei a mettere offline il mio sistema se volessi creare un file di ripristino baremetal.
