La mia esperienza nell'installazione di Python e di tutti i pacchetti necessari. Testato su Ubuntu 18.04 (non testato su 17.10). Potrei sbagliarmi, perché non sono uno specialista di Ubuntu.
È meglio usare il comando apt
( apt-get
) invece del pip
comando, perché:
- installazioni apt testate solo su pacchetti e depenzioni Ubuntu;
- Il comando sudo apt update / upgrage mantiene aggiornati i pacchetti;
- se vuoi installare / aggiornare pacchetti per tutti gli utenti sul tuo sistema Ubuntu, non solo per il tuo account locale;
- se vuoi pacchetti per Ubuntu, quindi anche il sistema operativo potrebbe usarli.
Per le altre versioni dei pacchetti si dovrebbe usare l'ambiente virtuale. Oppure crea e verifica i pacchetti dai codici sorgente (solo per specialisti).
Non eliminare l'attuale python3, altrimenti il sistema operativo Ubuntu BROKE.
# Refreshing the repositories
sudo apt update
# Update software
sudo apt upgrade
# Install Python and necessary packages.
# Install pip for 2.7 and then python 2.7 itself
sudo apt install python-pip
sudo apt install python2.7
# Install pip for 3.6
sudo apt install python3-pip
# Install currently supported by Ubuntu python 3.x version.
sudo apt install python3
# Don't delete current python3, otherwise Ubuntu OS will BROKE.
# Better don't install the newest versions 3.7, 3.8, 4.0, etc. on the whole OS (globally).
# This command works, but it's a bad idea to use it -- sudo apt install python3.7
# in this case import of numpy (import numpy) and other modules will fail for python3.7,
# because 3.6 is the current (global) python version for Ubuntu, not 3.7.
# Use "sudo apt install python3" not "sudo apt install python3.7" command for python 3.x installation.
# If you need 3.7 or newer, use local virtual environment.
# It's a bad idea to have several versions of python 3.x globally at the same time.
# Use only currently supported by Ubuntu python 3.x version globally. At this moment it is 3.6.
# Install numpy, scipy, matplotlib, scikit-learn, scikit-image,
# opencv with contributions, pandas, pillow, psutil, spur, cython,
#ipython, jupyter, git.
sudo apt install python-numpy
sudo apt install python3-numpy
sudo apt install python-scipy
sudo apt install python3-scipy
sudo apt install python-matplotlib
sudo apt install python3-matplotlib
sudo apt install python-sklearn
sudo apt install python3-sklearn
sudo apt install python-skimage
sudo apt install python3-skimage
sudo apt install python-opencv
sudo apt install python3-opencv
sudo apt install python-pandas
sudo apt install python3-pandas
sudo apt install python-pil
sudo apt install python3-pil
sudo apt install python-pil.imagetk # if the imageTk import doesn't work
sudo apt install python3-pil.imagetk # if the imageTk import doesn't work
sudo apt install python-psutil
sudo apt install python3-psutil
sudo apt install python-spur
sudo apt install python3-spur
sudo apt install cython
sudo apt install cython3
sudo apt install python-ipython
sudo apt install python3-ipython
sudo apt install ipython
sudo apt install ipython3
sudo apt install jupyter
sudo apt install git
# To have both python 2 and 3 available on jupyter
sudo apt install python-ipykernel
sudo apt install python3-ipykernel
# To check installed packages use commands
python
# and
python3
# Then type in python 2 or 3 console
import numpy
import scipy
import matplotlib
import sklearn
import skimage
exit()
# To check ipython
ipython
exit
ipython3
exit
# To check jupyter run
jupyter notebook
# and check both version of python 2 and 3 in "New" menu
# To remove package (don't remove python3 -- it'll broke your Ubuntu)
sudo apt purge --auto-remove packagename
# To search for the package:
apt search packagename
# Install PyCharm Community edition
sudo snap install pycharm-community --classic
# To check PyCharm installation enter:
pycharm-community