Come introdurre il timeout per gli script di shell?

Voglio eseguire uno script di shell che contiene un ciclo e può andare per sempre, cosa che non voglio che accada. Quindi devo introdurre un timeout per l'intero script.

Come posso introdurre un timeout per l'intero script della shell in SuSE?

Se GNU timeoutnon è disponibile è possibile utilizzare expect(Mac OS X, BSD, ... di solito non dispongono di strumenti e utilità GNU per impostazione predefinita).

################################################################################
# Executes command with a timeout
# Params:
#   $1 timeout in seconds
#   $2 command
# Returns 1 if timed out 0 otherwise
timeout() {

    time=$1

    # start the command in a subshell to avoid problem with pipes
    # (spawn accepts one command)
    command="/bin/sh -c \"$2\""

    expect -c "set echo \"-noecho\"; set timeout $time; spawn -noecho $command; expect timeout { exit 1 } eof { exit 0 }"    

    if [ $? = 1 ] ; then
        echo "Timeout after ${time} seconds"
    fi

}

Modifica esempio:

timeout 10 "ls ${HOME}"

Grazie per il chiarimento.

Il modo più semplice per realizzare ciò che cerchi è eseguire lo script con il ciclo all'interno di un wrapper come il timeoutcomando dal pacchetto GNU Coreutils.

root@coraid-sp:~# timeout --help            
Usage: timeout [OPTION] DURATION COMMAND [ARG]...
   or: timeout [OPTION]
Start COMMAND, and kill it if still running after DURATION.

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
  -k, --kill-after=DURATION
                   also send a KILL signal if COMMAND is still running
                   this long after the initial signal was sent.
  -s, --signal=SIGNAL
                   specify the signal to be sent on timeout.
                   SIGNAL may be a name like 'HUP' or a number.
                   See `kill -l` for a list of signals
      --help     display this help and exit
      --version  output version information and exit

DURATION is an integer with an optional suffix:
`s' for seconds(the default), `m' for minutes, `h' for hours or `d' for days.

If the command times out, then exit with status 124.  Otherwise, exit
with the status of COMMAND.  If no signal is specified, send the TERM
signal upon timeout.  The TERM signal kills any process that does not
block or catch that signal.  For other processes, it may be necessary to
use the KILL (9) signal, since this signal cannot be caught.

Report timeout bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
For complete documentation, run: info coreutils 'timeout invocation'

Alla fine, sarà molto più semplice che scrivere la propria funzione di timeout, che le shell tendono a non avere incorporato.

Avvia un processo di watchdog dal tuo script per uccidere il suo genitore se dura troppo a lungo. Esempio:

# watchdog process
mainpid=$$
(sleep 5; kill $mainpid) &
watchdogpid=$!

# rest of script
while :
do
   ...stuff...
done
kill $watchdogpid

Questo script verrà terminato dal watchdog dopo cinque secondi.

C'è anche cratimeoutdi Martin Cracauer.

# cf. http://www.cons.org/cracauer/software.html
# usage: cratimeout timeout_in_msec cmd args
cratimeout 5000 sleep 600
cratimeout 5000 tail -f /dev/null
cratimeout 5000 sh -c 'while sleep 1; do date; done'

#!/bin/sh

# Execute a command with a timeout

if [ "$#" -lt "2" ]; then
echo "Usage:   `basename $0` timeout_in_seconds command" >&2
echo "Example: `basename $0` 2 sleep 3 || echo timeout" >&2
exit 1
fi

cleanup()
{
trap - ALRM               #reset handler to default
kill -ALRM $a 2>/dev/null #stop timer subshell if running
kill $! 2>/dev/null &&    #kill last job
  exit 124                #exit with 124 if it was running
}

watchit()
{
trap "cleanup" ALRM
sleep $1& wait
kill -ALRM $$
}

watchit $1& a=$!         #start the timeout
shift                    #first param was timeout for sleep
trap "cleanup" ALRM INT  #cleanup after timeout
"$@"& wait $!; RET=$?    #start the job wait for it and save its return value
kill -ALRM $a            #send ALRM signal to watchit
wait $a                  #wait for watchit to finish cleanup
exit $RET                #return the value