1 - tecnologia avanzata, ma leggera
Le pagine man sono piatte.
info è un albero.
Entrambi rimangono basati sul testo , quindi possono essere utilizzati durante lo sviluppo di sistemi di basso livello (a differenza di http, che richiede un'interfaccia grafica completa e un browser prima di poterlo utilizzare).
Questo è utile anche perché Linux può essere eseguito su molte macchine a bassa risorsa, ad esempio, si trovano le cose che girano sul mio Arduino da Atmel info.
(Storia: infoè simile a Gopher , se lo ricordi. Era quello che avevamo appena prima di passare a tutti i sistemi operativi della GUI e l'esplosione del World Wide Web. Ricordo che Gopher funzionava abbastanza bene per trovare informazioni ed era veloce e semplice. Era facilmente espandibile, completamente testuale e veloce.)
Le pagine man non possono avere collegamenti ipertestuali utilizzabili. (Non è possibile in questa tecnologia.)
infopuò e ha molti collegamenti utilizzabili da nodo a nodo o da nodo a foglia, rendendo molto più semplice la navigazione rapida di grandi manuali.
2 - contiene contenuti non trovati nelle pagine man
Molti pacchetti standard hanno anche un pacchetto sorella- doc . Spesso questo contenuto viene quindi trovato solo all'interno info.
Questi pacchetti di documentazione aggiungono opuscoli all'interno delle informazioni, con sezioni e sottosezioni. In infogergo, questi vengono chiamati nodese i nodi possono contenere altro nodesin una struttura ad albero.
Ci sono comandi per arrampicarsi attorno all'albero, ecco alcuni esempi:
- up una sezione, ad esempio dalla sezione 2.1 alla sezione 2
- sezione successiva (ovvero spostarsi lungo le punte delle filiali da una pagina all'altra), ad esempio dalla sezione 2, alla sezione 2.1 e ( supponendo che non vi sia alcuna sezione 2.2 ), in seguito alla sezione 3
- a destra una sezione, ad es. dalla sezione 2 direttamente alla sezione 3, saltando la sezione 2.1
Se stai leggendo e scorri verso il basso riga per riga, visiterai tutte le sezioni di ciascun opuscolo.
Comandi importanti
l - torna indietro - L 'minuscola, come in l ast. È come il pulsante Indietro sul tuo browser web. - Torna all'ultimo nodo visto in questa finestra (inizialmente abbiamo solo una finestra). Caspita, possiamo anche dividere la finestra del documento a metà!
d - la mia gente - Vai al nodo principale ' d irectory'. - Questa è la parte superiore dell'albero INFO. Contiene collegamenti alle famiglie:
t - la mia famiglia - Vai alla t nodo op di questo documento. - Generalmente il sommario
u - i miei genitori - Vai u p un livello. ad es. passare dalla Sezione 2.1 alla Sezione 2.
n - i miei fratelli - Vai al nodo n ext su questo livello. ad es. sezione 2 -> sezione 3 (non 2.1)
p - i miei fratelli - Vai alla pag nodo di sola esistenza a questo livello. ad es. sezione 3 -> sezione 2
] - figli miei - Vai al nodo successivo nel documento, ad es. sezione 2 -> sezione 2.1
[ - figli miei - Vai al nodo precedente nel documento, ad es. sezione 2.1 -> sezione 2
Inoltre, non capivo davvero perché avrei voluto usare le informazioni. In precedenza mi ero dilettato, e all'inizio l'avevo trovato alla vecchia scuola. Ma poiché avevo bisogno di ulteriori informazioni per un progetto autoconf , e mi è stato suggerito che era lì che si trovava quella documentazione, ho dato un'altra occhiata di recente.
La prima cosa che dovevo fare era capire come navigare meglio. Ho trovato l'aiuto di H quasi inutile. Questo fino a quando ho notato che avrei potuto scorrere verso il basso in questo aiuto, ma poi c'era troppa confusione.
Così ho copiato questo aiuto e l'ho incollato in una nota e ho iniziato a cercare di capire come infofunzionava.
Come ho imparato di più, ho riscritto il loro aiuto per me stesso. Volevo sapere quale fosse l'intera gamma di comandi e come fossero classificati.
Ho notato che molti dei tasti sono stati duplicati, con 2 o 3 modi per eseguire un determinato comando. Ho anche notato che tutto questo somigliava molto agli emacs.
Ecco il mio foglietto di informazioni comandi:
HELP - info - commands
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Short list - 'basic' Info command keys (see below for full list)
C-g Cancel the current operation.
H Close this help window. (toggle help window)
q Quit Info altogether.
h Invoke the Info tutorial.
Move in this node
Up Move up one line.
Down Move down one line.
PgUp Scroll backward one screenful. - also backspace
PgDn Scroll forward one screenful. - also space
Home Go to the beginning of this node.
End Go to the end of this node.
TAB Skip to the next hypertext link.
/ Search forward for a specified string.
} Search for next occurrence.
{ Search for previous occurrence.
Move to other nodes
RET Follow the hypertext link under the cursor.
1...9 Pick the first...ninth item in this node's menu.
0 Pick the last item in this node's menu.
l Last in history. Go back to the last node seen in this window (initially we only have one window). (?? history)
d Go to the main 'directory' node. my people
the Info main menu - "This is the top of the INFO tree."
t Go to the top node of this document. my family Generally the table of contents
u Go up one level. my parent e.g. go from Section 2.1, to Section 2.
n Go to the next node on this level. my siblings e.g. section 2 -> section 3 (not 2.1)
p Go to the previous node on this level.
] Go to the next node in the document. my children e.g. section 2 -> section 2.1
[ Go to the previous node in the document. (?siblings)
m <name> Pick a menu item specified by name.
f Follow a cross reference specified by name.
g Go to a node specified by name.
i Search for a specified string in the index (if there is an index), and select the node referenced by the first entry found.
I Synthesize menu of matching index entries. ???
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Full list - of commands available in Info windows:
Notes:
M- (meta) is Alt; (also you can use an Esc prefix instead of meta -hwj)
M-C- means hold both Ctrl and Alt down at same time
* Basic commands (listed above)
HELP
* H (get-help-window) Toggle display of help message
* h (get-info-help-node) Visit Info node '(info)Help' (this gets: man info )
CANCEL
* C-g C-x C-g M-C-g (abort-key) Cancel current operation (?? esc)
* q C-c (quit) Quit using Info
C-x C-c (quit) Quit using Info
WINDOWS
C-l (redraw-display) Redraw the display
x C-x 0 (delete-window) Delete the current window
C-x 1 (keep-one-window) Delete all other windows (leaving 1)
C-x 2 (split-window) Split the current window (into 2)
C-x t (tile-windows) Divide the available screen space among the visible windows
C-x ^ (grow-window) Grow (or shrink) this window
C-x o (next-window) Select the next window (other)
C-x C-b (list-visited-nodes) Make a window containing a menu of all of the currently visited nodes
C-x w (toggle-wrap) Toggle the state of line wrapping in the current window
VIEW OTHER FILE
C-x C-f (view-file) Read the name of a file and select it
C-x C-v (view-file) Read the name of a file and select it
SCROLL
C-v (scroll-forward-page-only) Scroll forward in this window staying within node ('v' looks like a down arrow)
M-v (scroll-backward-page-only) Scroll backward in this window staying within node (meta-v is the reverse, or up arrow)
* PgDn SPC (scroll-forward) Scroll forward in this window (at end moving to next node??)
* PgUp DEL C-h (scroll-backward) Scroll backward in this window (at end moving to next node??) (DEL = Backspace or Del)
M-C-v ESC PgDn (scroll-other-window) Scroll the other window
ESC PgUp (scroll-other-window-backward) Scroll the other window backward
CURSOR MOVEMENT (within a 'node' / page)
Right C-f ( forward-char) Move forward a character
Left C-b (backward-char) Move backward a character
M-b (backward-word) Move backward a word
M-f ( forward-word) Move forward a word
C-a (beginning-of-line) Move to the start of the line
C-e (end-of-line) Move to the end of the line
* Up C-p (prev-line) Move up to the previous line
* Down C-n (next-line) Move down to the next line
M-r (move-to-window-line) Move the cursor to a specific line of the window
* Home b ESC < (beginning-of-node) Move to the start of this node
* End e ESC > (end-of-node) Move to the end of this node
SEARCHING
/ (search) Read a string and search for it
s (search) Read a string and search for it
? (search-backward) Read a string and search backward for it
R (toggle-regexp) Toggle the usage of regular expressions in searches
S (search-case-sensitively) Read a string and search for it case-sensitively
* } C-x n (search-next) Repeat last search in the same direction
* { C-x N (search-previous) Repeat last search in the reverse direction
C-s (isearch-forward) Search interactively for a string as you type it
C-r (isearch-backward) Search interactively for a string as you type it
M-/ (tree-search) Search this node and subnodes for a string.
M-} (tree-search-next) Go to next match in Info sub-tree
M-{ (tree-search-previous) Go to previous match in Info sub-tree
JUMP TO NODE CROSS REFERENCES (underlined links to nodes)
* TAB (move-to-next-xref) Move to the next cross reference
BackTab M-TAB (move-to-prev-xref) Move to the previous cross reference (Shift-tab)
SELECT A NODE (hyperlink)
* RET (select-reference-this-line) Select reference or menu item appearing on this line
* 1 .. 9 (menu-digit) Select this menu item (link) # in this node's menu (this page's menu)
* 0 (last-menu-item) Select the last menu item (link) in this node's menu (this page's menu)
< (first-node) Select the first node in this file
> (last-node) Select the last node in this file
* d (dir-node) Select the 'dir' node (in all files?) the Info main menu - "This is the top of the INFO tree."
* t (top-node) Select the 'Top' node in this file Generally the table of contents
* u ( up-node) Select the 'Up' node in this file i.e. go from Section 2.1, to Section 2.
* n (next-node) Select the Next node i.e. section 2.1 -> section 2.2
* p (prev-node) Select the Prev node
* g <name> (goto-node) Read a node name and select it
* m <item> (menu-item) Read a menu item and select its node ???
C-x b (select-visited-node) Select a node which has been previously visited in a visible window (c-x=Window, back)
MOVE TO ANOTHER NODE (in the tree)
* [ (global-prev-node) Move backwards or up through node structure (tree within this file)
* ] (global-next-node) Move forwards or down through node structure (tree within this file)
* l (history-node) last - Select the most recently selected node
GET NODE INFORMATION
= (display-file-info) Show full file name of node being displayed
O (goto-invocation-node) Find the node describing program invocation
READ IN NEW MENUS
G <menus> (menu-sequence) Read a list of menus starting from dir and follow them ???
INDEX
* i (index-search) Look up a string in the index for this file (Search for a specified string in the index
(if there is an index), and select the node referenced by the first entry found.
, (next-index-match) Go to the next matching index item from the last 'i' command
* I (virtual-index) List all matches of a string in the index
C-x f (all-files) Show all matching files
FOOTNOTES
* f (xref-item) Read a footnote or cross reference and select its node
r (xref-item) Read a footnote or cross reference and select its node
M-C-f (show-footnotes) Show the footnotes associated with this node in another window
NUMERIC
C-u (universal-argument) Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument
M-- (add-digit-to-numeric-arg) Add this digit to the current numeric argument
M-0 .. M-9 (add-digit-to-numeric-arg) Add this digit to the current numeric argument
MISC
M-x (execute-command) Read a command name in the echo area and execute it ?? pwd and ls don't work
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The following text commands can only be invoked via M-x (Alt-x -hwj):
This is a list of longer commands that can be typed, all prefixed with Alt-x:
M-x scroll-forward-set-window Scroll forward in this window and set default window size
M-x scroll-backward-set-window Scroll backward in this window and set default window size
M-x scroll-forward-page-only-set-window Scroll forward in this window staying within node and set default window size
M-x scroll-backward-page-only-set-window Scroll backward in this window staying within node and set default window size
M-x down-line Scroll down by lines
M-x up-line Scroll up by lines
M-x scroll-half-screen-down Scroll down by half screen size
M-x scroll-half-screen-up Scroll up by half screen size
M-x prev-window Select the previous xwindow
M-x set-screen-height <number> Set the height of the displayed window
M-x find-menu Move to the start of this node's menu
M-x visit-menu Visit as many menu items at once as possible
M-x man <name of man page> Read a manpage reference and select it
M-x print-node Pipe the contents of this node through INFO_PRINT_COMMAND
M-x clear-search Clear displayed search matches
M-x describe-key <key combo> Print documentation for KEY (one line of documentation)
M-x where-is Show what to type to execute a given command
M-x describe-command Read the name of an Info command and describe it
M-x index-apropos Grovel all known info file's indices for a string and build a menu (grep widely, and make a menu of what is found)
M-x describe-variable Explain the use of a variable
M-x set-variable Set the value of an Info variable
M-x info-version Display version of Info being run
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Commands available in the 'echo' area (i.e. at bottom of screen):
(M- (meta) = Fn (not alt) -hwj)
C-l (redraw-display) Redraw the display
C-g Esc (echo-area-abort) Cancel or quit operation
M-C-g (echo-area-abort) Cancel or quit operation
MOVE
C-a Home (echo-area-beg-of-line) Move to the start of this line
C-e End (echo-area-end-of-line) Move to the end of this line
C-b Left (echo-area-backward) Move backward a character
C-f Right (echo-area-forward) Move forward a character
M-b (echo-area-backward-word) Move backward a word
M-f (echo-area-forward-word) Move forward a word
COMMAND LINE COMPLETIONS
M-? ? (echo-area-possible-completions) List possible completions
M-C-v (echo-area-scroll-completions-window) Scroll the completions window
TAB SPC (echo-area-complete) Insert completion
RET LFD (echo-area-newline) Accept (or force completion of) this line
DELETE/YANK
C-d (echo-area-delete) Delete the character under the cursor
C-h DEL (echo-area-rubout) Delete the character behind the cursor
M-d (echo-area-kill-word) Kill the word following the cursor
M-DEL (echo-area-backward-kill-word) Kill the word preceding the cursor
C-k (echo-area-kill-line) Kill to the end of the line
C-x DEL (echo-area-backward-kill-line) Kill to the beginning of the line
C-y (echo-area-yank) Yank back the contents of the last kill
M-y (echo-area-yank-pop) Yank back a previous kill
INSERT
C-q (echo-area-quoted-insert) Insert next character verbatim
M-TAB (echo-area-tab-insert) Insert a TAB character
TRANSPOSE
C-t (echo-area-transpose-chars) Transpose characters at point (and move ahead by one)
NUMERIC ARGUMENTS ???
C-u (universal-argument) Start (or multiply by 4) the current numeric argument
M-- (add-digit-to-numeric-arg) Add this digit to the current numeric argument
M-0 .. M-9 (add-digit-to-numeric-arg) Add this digit to the current numeric argument
C-x o (next-window) Select the next window