Voglio visualizzare il contenuto di un file core durante il debug di un programma. Come posso visualizzare il contenuto di un file core?
Risposte:
objdump+ gdbesempio minimo eseguibile
TLDR:
objdump -s core per scaricare la memoria
GDB per trovare la linea non riuscita, precedentemente menzionata in: Come visualizzare i file core per scopi di debug in Linux?
Ora per una configurazione completa del test educativo:
main.c
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int myfunc(int i) {
*(int*)(NULL) = i; /* line 7 */
return i - 1;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
/* Setup some memory. */
char data_ptr[] = "string in data segment";
char *mmap_ptr;
char *text_ptr = "string in text segment";
(void)argv;
mmap_ptr = (char *)malloc(sizeof(data_ptr) + 1);
strcpy(mmap_ptr, data_ptr);
mmap_ptr[10] = 'm';
mmap_ptr[11] = 'm';
mmap_ptr[12] = 'a';
mmap_ptr[13] = 'p';
printf("text addr: %p\n", text_ptr);
printf("data addr: %p\n", data_ptr);
printf("mmap addr: %p\n", mmap_ptr);
/* Call a function to prepare a stack trace. */
return myfunc(argc);
}
Compila ed esegui per generare core:
gcc -ggdb3 -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -o main.out main.c
ulimit -c unlimited
rm -f core
./main.out
Produzione:
text addr: 0x4007d4
data addr: 0x7ffec6739220
mmap addr: 0x1612010
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
GDB ci indica la linea esatta in cui si è verificato il segfault, che è ciò che la maggior parte degli utenti desidera durante il debug:
gdb -q -nh main.out core
poi:
Reading symbols from main.out...done.
[New LWP 27479]
Core was generated by `./main.out'.
Program terminated with signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
#0 0x0000000000400635 in myfunc (i=1) at main.c:7
7 *(int*)(NULL) = i;
(gdb) bt
#0 0x0000000000400635 in myfunc (i=1) at main.c:7
#1 0x000000000040072b in main (argc=1, argv=0x7ffec6739328) at main.c:28
che ci indica direttamente la linea buggy 7.
Analisi di binutils
Primo:
file core
ci dice che il corefile è in realtà un file ELF:
core: ELF 64-bit LSB core file x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), SVR4-style, from './main.out'
ecco perché siamo in grado di ispezionarlo più direttamente con i soliti strumenti binutils.
Un rapido sguardo allo standard ELF mostra che in realtà esiste un tipo ELF ad esso dedicato:
Elf32_Ehd.e_type == ET_CORE
Ulteriori informazioni sul formato sono disponibili all'indirizzo:
man 5 core
Poi:
readelf -Wa core
fornisce alcuni suggerimenti sulla struttura del file. La memoria sembra essere contenuta nelle normali intestazioni del programma:
Program Headers:
Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align
NOTE 0x000468 0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 0x000b9c 0x000000 0
LOAD 0x002000 0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000000000 0x001000 0x001000 R E 0x1000
LOAD 0x003000 0x0000000000600000 0x0000000000000000 0x001000 0x001000 R 0x1000
LOAD 0x004000 0x0000000000601000 0x0000000000000000 0x001000 0x001000 RW 0x1000
e ci sono altri metadati presenti nell'area delle note. In particolare, immagino che il PC debba essere lì (conferma TODO):
Displaying notes found at file offset 0x00000468 with length 0x00000b9c:
Owner Data size Description
CORE 0x00000150 NT_PRSTATUS (prstatus structure)
CORE 0x00000088 NT_PRPSINFO (prpsinfo structure)
CORE 0x00000080 NT_SIGINFO (siginfo_t data)
CORE 0x00000130 NT_AUXV (auxiliary vector)
CORE 0x00000246 NT_FILE (mapped files)
Page size: 4096
Start End Page Offset
0x0000000000400000 0x0000000000401000 0x0000000000000000
/home/ciro/test/main.out
0x0000000000600000 0x0000000000601000 0x0000000000000000
/home/ciro/test/main.out
0x0000000000601000 0x0000000000602000 0x0000000000000001
/home/ciro/test/main.out
0x00007f8d939ee000 0x00007f8d93bae000 0x0000000000000000
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
0x00007f8d93bae000 0x00007f8d93dae000 0x00000000000001c0
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
0x00007f8d93dae000 0x00007f8d93db2000 0x00000000000001c0
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
0x00007f8d93db2000 0x00007f8d93db4000 0x00000000000001c4
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.23.so
0x00007f8d93db8000 0x00007f8d93dde000 0x0000000000000000
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
0x00007f8d93fdd000 0x00007f8d93fde000 0x0000000000000025
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
0x00007f8d93fde000 0x00007f8d93fdf000 0x0000000000000026
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-2.23.so
CORE 0x00000200 NT_FPREGSET (floating point registers)
LINUX 0x00000340 NT_X86_XSTATE (x86 XSAVE extended state)
objdump può scaricare facilmente tutta la memoria con:
objdump -s core
che contiene:
Contents of section load1:
4007d0 01000200 73747269 6e672069 6e207465 ....string in te
4007e0 78742073 65676d65 6e740074 65787420 xt segment.text
Contents of section load15:
7ffec6739220 73747269 6e672069 6e206461 74612073 string in data s
7ffec6739230 65676d65 6e740000 00a8677b 9c6778cd egment....g{.gx.
Contents of section load4:
1612010 73747269 6e672069 6e206d6d 61702073 string in mmap s
1612020 65676d65 6e740000 11040000 00000000 egment..........
che corrisponde esattamente al valore stdout nella nostra corsa.
Testato in Ubuntu 16.04 amd64, GCC 6.4.0, binutils 2.26.1.
Quando compili il programma usa l'opzione -g
gcc -g program.c
Se viene creato un file core, è possibile eseguire il debug utilizzando gdb senza utilizzare i flag di debug dell'opzione -g.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/ksh
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
_OUTFILE=XXXX-XXXX-Audit-`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`.log
>$_OUTFILE
MAILLIST=""
COREPATH=$PKMS/logs/cores
MARKER=$COREPATH/marker
function Parse
{
while getopts :p:u:s:l: name
do
case $name in
p) PKMS="$OPTARG" ;; # $PKMS
u) DBUSER="$OPTARG" ;; # $DBUSER
s) DBPSWD="$OPTARG" ;; # $DBPSWD
l) DBLOCN="$OPTARG" ;; # $DBLOC
*) Usage ;; # display usage and exit
esac
done
if [[ -z "${PKMS}" || -z "${DBUSER}" || -z "${DBPSWD}" || -z "${DBLOCN}" ]]
then
echo $Usage
exit -1
fi
}
function getCoreDumps
{
COREFILES=$COREPATH/newcores.txt
STACKS=$COREPATH/stacks.txt
DATE=$(date +%y%m%d%H%M%S)
>$COREFILES
>$STACKS
umask 002
find $COREPATH -type f -newer $MARKER -name "core" > $COREFILES
find $COREPATH -type f -newer $MARKER -name "core.?" >> $COREFILES
rm $STACKS 2>/dev/null
for i in $(<$COREFILES)
do
mv $i $i.$DATE
chmod g+r,g+w $i.$DATE
#echo "Coredump recently found at" `date` '\n'>> $STACKS
echo $i.$DATE >> $STACKS
#echo >> $STACKS
done
NL=$(wc -l $COREFILES | awk '{ print $1 }')
if [ "$NL" -gt 0 ]
then
echo "New CORE files found:" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "--- ---- ----- ------" >> $_OUTFILE
cat $STACKS >> $_OUTFILE
else
echo "No new CORE files found" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "-- --- ---- ----- -----" >> $_OUTFILE
fi
}
#/usr/bin/clear
echo "\t\t\t\t---------------------------------\t" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "\t\t\t\t
echo "\t\t\t\t---------------------------------\t" >> $_OUTFILE
date "+ %d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "===================" >> $_OUTFILE
echo " APPICATION MACHINES" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "===================" >> $_OUTFILE
echo >> $_OUTFILE
echo >> $_OUTFILE
getCoreDumps
echo >> $_OUTFILE
echo >> $_OUTFILE
echo "===================" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "XXXX APP DataBase Info" >> $_OUTFILE
echo "===================" >> $_OUTFILE
echo >> $_OUTFILE
getAPPDBInfo
echo >> $_OUTFILE
echo >> $_OUTFILE
MAILDATE=$(date +%d/%m/%Y)
mailx -s "XXXX Monitor Log for $PKMS Environment - Dated $MAILDATE" $MAILLIST < $_OUTFILE
touch $MARKER
rm /tmp/XXXXtempOUTFILE
exit 0